use super::functions::*;
use super::*;
use crate::VALIDATION_ENABLED;

use ::anyhow::{anyhow, Result};
use ::log::*;
use ::std::collections::HashSet;
use ::std::ffi::CStr;
use ::std::os::raw::c_void;
use ::std::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping as memcpy;
use ::vulkanalia::prelude::v1_0::*;
use ::vulkanalia::vk::ExtDebugUtilsExtension;
use ::vulkanalia::window as vk_window;
use ::winit::window::Window;

extern "system" fn debug_callback(
    severity: vk::DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagsEXT,
    type_: vk::DebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagsEXT,
    data: *const vk::DebugUtilsMessengerCallbackDataEXT,
    _: *mut c_void,
) -> vk::Bool32 {
    let data = unsafe { *data };
    let message = unsafe { CStr::from_ptr(data.message) }.to_string_lossy();

    if severity >= vk::DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagsEXT::ERROR {
        error!("({:?}) {}", type_, message);
    } else if severity >= vk::DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagsEXT::WARNING {
        warn!("({:?}) {}", type_, message);
    } else if severity >= vk::DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagsEXT::INFO {
        debug!("({:?}) {}", type_, message);
    } else {
        trace!("({:?}) {}", type_, message);
    }

    vk::FALSE
}

/// The Vulkan handles and associated properties used by our Vulkan app.
#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default)]
pub(super) struct AppData {
    // Debug
    pub(super) messenger: vk::DebugUtilsMessengerEXT,
    // Surface
    pub(super) surface: vk::SurfaceKHR,
    // Physical Device / Logical Device
    pub(super) physical_device: vk::PhysicalDevice,
    pub(super) graphics_queue: vk::Queue,
    pub(super) present_queue: vk::Queue,
    // Swapchain
    pub(super) swapchain_format: vk::Format,
    pub(super) swapchain_extent: vk::Extent2D,
    pub(super) swapchain: vk::SwapchainKHR,
    pub(super) swapchain_images: Vec<vk::Image>,
    pub(super) swapchain_image_views: Vec<vk::ImageView>,
    // Pipeline
    pub(super) render_pass: vk::RenderPass,
    pub(super) pipeline_layout: vk::PipelineLayout,
    pub(super) pipeline: vk::Pipeline,
    // Framebuffers
    pub(super) framebuffers: Vec<vk::Framebuffer>,
    // Command Pool
    pub(super) command_pool: vk::CommandPool,
    // Buffers
    pub(super) vertex_buffer: vk::Buffer,
    pub(super) vertex_buffer_memory: vk::DeviceMemory,
    // Command Buffers
    pub(super) command_buffers: Vec<vk::CommandBuffer>,
    // Sync Objects
    pub(super) image_available_semaphores: Vec<vk::Semaphore>,
    pub(super) render_finished_semaphores: Vec<vk::Semaphore>,
    pub(super) in_flight_fences: Vec<vk::Fence>,
    pub(super) images_in_flight: Vec<vk::Fence>,
}

impl AppData {
    pub(super) unsafe fn create_instance(
        &mut self,
        window: &Window,
        entry: &Entry,
    ) -> Result<Instance> {
        // Application Info
        let application_info = vk::ApplicationInfo::builder()
            .application_name(b"Vulkan Tutorial\0")
            .application_version(vk::make_version(1, 0, 0))
            .engine_name(b"No Engine\0")
            .engine_version(vk::make_version(1, 0, 0))
            .api_version(vk::make_version(1, 0, 0));

        // Layers
        let available_layers = entry
            .enumerate_instance_layer_properties()?
            .iter()
            .map(|l| l.layer_name)
            .collect::<HashSet<_>>();

        if VALIDATION_ENABLED && !available_layers.contains(&VALIDATION_LAYER) {
            return Err(anyhow!("Validation layer requested but not supported."));
        }

        let layers = if VALIDATION_ENABLED {
            vec![VALIDATION_LAYER.as_ptr()]
        } else {
            Vec::new()
        };

        // Extensions
        let mut extensions = vk_window::get_required_instance_extensions(window)
            .iter()
            .map(|e| e.as_ptr())
            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
        if VALIDATION_ENABLED {
            extensions.push(vk::EXT_DEBUG_UTILS_EXTENSION.name.as_ptr());
        }

        // Compatibility extension for macOS
        let flags = if (cfg!(target_os = "macos") && entry.version()? >= PORTABILITY_MACOS_VERSION)
            || entry
                .enumerate_instance_extension_properties(None)?
                .iter()
                .any(|e| e.extension_name == vk::KHR_PORTABILITY_ENUMERATION_EXTENSION.name)
        {
            info!("Enabling extensions for macOS compatibility.");
            extensions.push(vk::KHR_PORTABILITY_ENUMERATION_EXTENSION.name.as_ptr());
            extensions.push(
                vk::KHR_GET_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_PROPERTIES2_EXTENSION
                    .name
                    .as_ptr(),
            );
            vk::InstanceCreateFlags::ENUMERATE_PORTABILITY_KHR
        } else {
            vk::InstanceCreateFlags::empty()
        };

        // Create
        let mut info = vk::InstanceCreateInfo::builder()
            .application_info(&application_info)
            .enabled_layer_names(&layers)
            .enabled_extension_names(&extensions)
            .flags(flags);

        let mut debug_info = vk::DebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT::builder()
            .message_severity(vk::DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagsEXT::all())
            .message_type(vk::DebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagsEXT::all())
            .user_callback(Some(debug_callback));

        if VALIDATION_ENABLED {
            info = info.push_next(&mut debug_info);
        }

        let instance = entry.create_instance(&info, None)?;

        // Messenger
        if VALIDATION_ENABLED {
            self.messenger = instance.create_debug_utils_messenger_ext(&debug_info, None)?;
        }

        Ok(instance)
    }

    //================================================
    // Physical Device
    //================================================

    pub(super) unsafe fn pick_physical_device(&mut self, instance: &Instance) -> Result<()> {
        for physical_device in instance.enumerate_physical_devices()? {
            let properties = instance.get_physical_device_properties(physical_device);

            if let Err(error) = self.check_physical_device(instance, physical_device) {
                warn!(
                    "Skipping physical device (`{}`): {}",
                    properties.device_name, error
                );
            } else {
                info!("Selected physical device (`{}`).", properties.device_name);
                self.physical_device = physical_device;
                return Ok(());
            }
        }

        Err(anyhow!("Failed to find suitable physical device."))
    }

    unsafe fn check_physical_device(
        &self,
        instance: &Instance,
        physical_device: vk::PhysicalDevice,
    ) -> Result<()> {
        QueueFamilyIndices::get(instance, self, physical_device)?;
        check_physical_device_extensions(instance, physical_device)?;

        let support = SwapchainSupport::get(instance, self, physical_device)?;
        if support.formats.is_empty() || support.present_modes.is_empty() {
            return Err(anyhow!(SuitabilityError("Insufficient swapchain support.")));
        }

        Ok(())
    }

    //================================================
    // Logical Device
    //================================================

    pub(super) unsafe fn create_logical_device(&mut self, instance: &Instance) -> Result<Device> {
        // Queue Create Infos
        let indices = QueueFamilyIndices::get(instance, self, self.physical_device)?;

        let mut unique_indices = HashSet::new();
        unique_indices.insert(indices.graphics);
        unique_indices.insert(indices.present);

        let queue_priorities = &[1.0];
        let queue_infos = unique_indices
            .iter()
            .map(|i| {
                vk::DeviceQueueCreateInfo::builder()
                    .queue_family_index(*i)
                    .queue_priorities(queue_priorities)
            })
            .collect::<Vec<_>>();

        // Layers
        let layers = if VALIDATION_ENABLED {
            vec![VALIDATION_LAYER.as_ptr()]
        } else {
            vec![]
        };

        // Extensions
        let mut extensions = DEVICE_EXTENSIONS
            .iter()
            .map(|n| n.as_ptr())
            .collect::<Vec<_>>();

        // mac OS Metal -> Vulkan rendering fix
        if instance
            .enumerate_device_extension_properties(self.physical_device, None)?
            .iter()
            .any(|e| e.extension_name == vk::KHR_PORTABILITY_SUBSET_EXTENSION.name)
        {
            extensions.push(vk::KHR_PORTABILITY_SUBSET_EXTENSION.name.as_ptr());
        }

        // Features
        let features = vk::PhysicalDeviceFeatures::builder();

        // Create
        let info = vk::DeviceCreateInfo::builder()
            .queue_create_infos(&queue_infos)
            .enabled_layer_names(&layers)
            .enabled_extension_names(&extensions)
            .enabled_features(&features);

        let device = instance.create_device(self.physical_device, &info, None)?;

        // Queues
        self.graphics_queue = device.get_device_queue(indices.graphics, 0);
        self.present_queue = device.get_device_queue(indices.present, 0);

        Ok(device)
    }

    //================================================
    // Swapchain
    //================================================

    pub(super) unsafe fn create_swapchain(
        &mut self,
        window: &Window,
        instance: &Instance,
        device: &Device,
    ) -> Result<()> {
        let indices = QueueFamilyIndices::get(instance, self, self.physical_device)?;
        let support = SwapchainSupport::get(instance, self, self.physical_device)?;

        let surface_format = get_swapchain_surface_format(&support.formats);
        let present_mode = get_swapchain_present_mode(&support.present_modes);
        let extent = get_swapchain_extent(window, support.capabilities);

        let mut image_count = support.capabilities.min_image_count + 1;
        if support.capabilities.max_image_count != 0
            && image_count > support.capabilities.max_image_count
        {
            image_count = support.capabilities.max_image_count;
        }

        let mut queue_family_indices = vec![];
        let image_sharing_mode = if indices.graphics != indices.present {
            queue_family_indices.push(indices.graphics);
            queue_family_indices.push(indices.present);
            vk::SharingMode::CONCURRENT
        } else {
            vk::SharingMode::EXCLUSIVE
        };

        let info = vk::SwapchainCreateInfoKHR::builder()
            .surface(self.surface)
            .min_image_count(image_count)
            .image_format(surface_format.format)
            .image_color_space(surface_format.color_space)
            .image_extent(extent)
            .image_array_layers(1)
            .image_usage(vk::ImageUsageFlags::COLOR_ATTACHMENT)
            .image_sharing_mode(image_sharing_mode)
            .queue_family_indices(&queue_family_indices)
            .pre_transform(support.capabilities.current_transform)
            .composite_alpha(vk::CompositeAlphaFlagsKHR::OPAQUE)
            .present_mode(present_mode)
            .clipped(true)
            .old_swapchain(vk::SwapchainKHR::null());

        self.swapchain = device.create_swapchain_khr(&info, None)?;
        self.swapchain_images = device.get_swapchain_images_khr(self.swapchain)?;
        self.swapchain_format = surface_format.format;
        self.swapchain_extent = extent;

        Ok(())
    }

    pub(super) unsafe fn create_swapchain_image_views(&mut self, device: &Device) -> Result<()> {
        self.swapchain_image_views = self
            .swapchain_images
            .iter()
            .map(|i| {
                let components = vk::ComponentMapping::builder()
                    .r(vk::ComponentSwizzle::IDENTITY)
                    .g(vk::ComponentSwizzle::IDENTITY)
                    .b(vk::ComponentSwizzle::IDENTITY)
                    .a(vk::ComponentSwizzle::IDENTITY);

                let subresource_range = vk::ImageSubresourceRange::builder()
                    .aspect_mask(vk::ImageAspectFlags::COLOR)
                    .base_mip_level(0)
                    .level_count(1)
                    .base_array_layer(0)
                    .layer_count(1);

                let info = vk::ImageViewCreateInfo::builder()
                    .image(*i)
                    .view_type(vk::ImageViewType::_2D)
                    .format(self.swapchain_format)
                    .components(components)
                    .subresource_range(subresource_range);

                device.create_image_view(&info, None)
            })
            .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?;

        Ok(())
    }

    //================================================
    // Pipeline
    //================================================

    pub(super) unsafe fn create_render_pass(
        &mut self,
        _instance: &Instance,
        device: &Device,
    ) -> Result<()> {
        let color_attachment = vk::AttachmentDescription::builder()
            .format(self.swapchain_format)
            .samples(vk::SampleCountFlags::_1)
            .load_op(vk::AttachmentLoadOp::CLEAR)
            .store_op(vk::AttachmentStoreOp::STORE)
            .stencil_load_op(vk::AttachmentLoadOp::DONT_CARE)
            .stencil_store_op(vk::AttachmentStoreOp::DONT_CARE)
            .initial_layout(vk::ImageLayout::UNDEFINED)
            .final_layout(vk::ImageLayout::PRESENT_SRC_KHR);

        // Subpasses
        let color_attachment_ref = vk::AttachmentReference::builder()
            .attachment(0)
            .layout(vk::ImageLayout::COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL);
        let color_attachments = &[color_attachment_ref];
        let subpass = vk::SubpassDescription::builder()
            .pipeline_bind_point(vk::PipelineBindPoint::GRAPHICS)
            .color_attachments(color_attachments);
        let dependency = vk::SubpassDependency::builder()
            .src_subpass(vk::SUBPASS_EXTERNAL)
            .dst_subpass(0)
            .src_stage_mask(vk::PipelineStageFlags::COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT)
            .src_access_mask(vk::AccessFlags::empty())
            .dst_stage_mask(vk::PipelineStageFlags::COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT)
            .dst_access_mask(vk::AccessFlags::COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE);

        let attachments = &[color_attachment];
        let subpasses = &[subpass];
        let dependencies = &[dependency];
        let info = vk::RenderPassCreateInfo::builder()
            .attachments(attachments)
            .subpasses(subpasses)
            .dependencies(dependencies);

        self.render_pass = device.create_render_pass(&info, None)?;

        Ok(())
    }

    pub(super) unsafe fn create_pipeline(&mut self, device: &Device) -> Result<()> {
        let vert = include_bytes!("../../shaders/vert.spv");
        let frag = include_bytes!("../../shaders/frag.spv");

        let vert_shader_module = create_shader_module(device, &vert[..])?;
        let frag_shader_module = create_shader_module(device, &frag[..])?;

        let vert_stage = vk::PipelineShaderStageCreateInfo::builder()
            .stage(vk::ShaderStageFlags::VERTEX)
            .module(vert_shader_module)
            .name(b"main\0");

        let frag_stage = vk::PipelineShaderStageCreateInfo::builder()
            .stage(vk::ShaderStageFlags::FRAGMENT)
            .module(frag_shader_module)
            .name(b"main\0");

        let binding_descriptions = &[Vertex::binding_description()];
        let attribute_descriptions = Vertex::attribute_descriptions();
        let vertex_input_state = vk::PipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo::builder()
            .vertex_binding_descriptions(binding_descriptions)
            .vertex_attribute_descriptions(&attribute_descriptions);

        let input_assembly_state = vk::PipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo::builder()
            .topology(vk::PrimitiveTopology::TRIANGLE_LIST)
            .primitive_restart_enable(false);

        let viewport = vk::Viewport::builder()
            .x(0.0)
            .y(0.0)
            .width(self.swapchain_extent.width as f32)
            .height(self.swapchain_extent.height as f32)
            .min_depth(0.0)
            .max_depth(1.0);

        let scissor = vk::Rect2D::builder()
            .offset(vk::Offset2D { x: 0, y: 0 })
            .extent(self.swapchain_extent);

        let viewports = &[viewport];
        let scissors = &[scissor];
        let viewport_state = vk::PipelineViewportStateCreateInfo::builder()
            .viewports(viewports)
            .scissors(scissors);

        let rasterization_state = vk::PipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo::builder()
            .depth_clamp_enable(false)
            .rasterizer_discard_enable(false)
            .polygon_mode(vk::PolygonMode::FILL)
            .line_width(1.0)
            .cull_mode(vk::CullModeFlags::BACK)
            .front_face(vk::FrontFace::CLOCKWISE)
            .depth_bias_enable(false);

        let multisample_state = vk::PipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo::builder()
            .sample_shading_enable(false)
            .rasterization_samples(vk::SampleCountFlags::_1);

        let attachment = vk::PipelineColorBlendAttachmentState::builder()
            .color_write_mask(vk::ColorComponentFlags::all())
            .blend_enable(false)
            .src_color_blend_factor(vk::BlendFactor::ONE)
            .dst_color_blend_factor(vk::BlendFactor::ZERO)
            .color_blend_op(vk::BlendOp::ADD)
            .src_alpha_blend_factor(vk::BlendFactor::ONE)
            .dst_alpha_blend_factor(vk::BlendFactor::ZERO)
            .alpha_blend_op(vk::BlendOp::ADD);

        let attachments = &[attachment];
        let color_blend_state = vk::PipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo::builder()
            .logic_op_enable(false)
            .logic_op(vk::LogicOp::COPY)
            .attachments(attachments)
            .blend_constants([0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0]);

        let layout_info = vk::PipelineLayoutCreateInfo::builder();
        self.pipeline_layout = device.create_pipeline_layout(&layout_info, None)?;

        let stages = &[vert_stage, frag_stage];
        let info = vk::GraphicsPipelineCreateInfo::builder()
            .stages(stages)
            .vertex_input_state(&vertex_input_state)
            .input_assembly_state(&input_assembly_state)
            .viewport_state(&viewport_state)
            .rasterization_state(&rasterization_state)
            .multisample_state(&multisample_state)
            .color_blend_state(&color_blend_state)
            .layout(self.pipeline_layout)
            .render_pass(self.render_pass)
            .subpass(0);

        self.pipeline = device
            .create_graphics_pipelines(vk::PipelineCache::null(), &[info], None)?
            .0;

        // Cleanup
        device.destroy_shader_module(vert_shader_module, None);
        device.destroy_shader_module(frag_shader_module, None);

        Ok(())
    }

    pub(super) unsafe fn create_framebuffers(&mut self, device: &Device) -> Result<()> {
        self.framebuffers = self
            .swapchain_image_views
            .iter()
            .map(|i| {
                let attachments = &[*i];
                let create_info = vk::FramebufferCreateInfo::builder()
                    .render_pass(self.render_pass)
                    .attachments(attachments)
                    .width(self.swapchain_extent.width)
                    .height(self.swapchain_extent.height)
                    .layers(1);

                device.create_framebuffer(&create_info, None)
            })
            .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?;

        Ok(())
    }

    //================================================
    // Command Pool
    //================================================

    pub(super) unsafe fn create_command_pool(
        &mut self,
        instance: &Instance,
        device: &Device,
    ) -> Result<()> {
        let indices = QueueFamilyIndices::get(instance, self, self.physical_device)?;

        let info = vk::CommandPoolCreateInfo::builder()
            .flags(vk::CommandPoolCreateFlags::empty())
            .queue_family_index(indices.graphics);

        self.command_pool = device.create_command_pool(&info, None)?;

        Ok(())
    }

    //================================================
    // Buffers
    //================================================

    unsafe fn create_buffer(
        &self,
        instance: &Instance,
        device: &Device,
        size: vk::DeviceSize,
        usage: vk::BufferUsageFlags,
        properties: vk::MemoryPropertyFlags,
    ) -> Result<(vk::Buffer, vk::DeviceMemory)> {
        let buffer_info = vk::BufferCreateInfo::builder()
            .size(size)
            .usage(usage)
            .sharing_mode(vk::SharingMode::EXCLUSIVE);

        let buffer = device.create_buffer(&buffer_info, None)?;

        let requirements = device.get_buffer_memory_requirements(buffer);

        let memory_info = vk::MemoryAllocateInfo::builder()
            .allocation_size(requirements.size)
            .memory_type_index(self.get_memory_type_index(instance, properties, requirements)?);

        let buffer_memory = device.allocate_memory(&memory_info, None)?;

        device.bind_buffer_memory(buffer, buffer_memory, 0)?;

        Ok((buffer, buffer_memory))
    }

    unsafe fn copy_buffer(
        &self,
        device: &Device,
        source: vk::Buffer,
        destination: vk::Buffer,
        size: vk::DeviceSize,
    ) -> Result<()> {
        // Create the command buffer
        let info = vk::CommandBufferAllocateInfo::builder()
            .level(vk::CommandBufferLevel::PRIMARY)
            .command_pool(self.command_pool)
            .command_buffer_count(1);

        let command_buffer = device.allocate_command_buffers(&info)?[0];

        let info = vk::CommandBufferBeginInfo::builder()
            .flags(vk::CommandBufferUsageFlags::ONE_TIME_SUBMIT);

        device.begin_command_buffer(command_buffer, &info)?;

        let regions = vk::BufferCopy::builder().size(size);
        device.cmd_copy_buffer(command_buffer, source, destination, &[regions]);

        device.end_command_buffer(command_buffer)?;

        // Execute command buffer
        let command_buffers = &[command_buffer];
        let info = vk::SubmitInfo::builder().command_buffers(command_buffers);

        device.queue_submit(self.graphics_queue, &[info], vk::Fence::null())?;
        device.queue_wait_idle(self.graphics_queue)?;

        device.free_command_buffers(self.command_pool, &[command_buffer]);

        Ok(())
    }

    pub(super) unsafe fn create_vertex_buffer(
        &mut self,
        instance: &Instance,
        device: &Device,
    ) -> Result<()> {
        // Create staging buffer
        let size = (size_of::<Vertex>() * VERTICES.len()) as u64;
        let (staging_buffer, staging_buffer_memory) = self.create_buffer(
            instance,
            device,
            size,
            vk::BufferUsageFlags::TRANSFER_SRC,
            vk::MemoryPropertyFlags::HOST_COHERENT | vk::MemoryPropertyFlags::HOST_VISIBLE,
        )?;

        let memory =
            device.map_memory(staging_buffer_memory, 0, size, vk::MemoryMapFlags::empty())?;
        memcpy(VERTICES.as_ptr(), memory.cast(), VERTICES.len());
        device.unmap_memory(staging_buffer_memory);

        // Create vertex buffer
        let (vertex_buffer, vertex_buffer_memory) = self.create_buffer(
            instance,
            device,
            size,
            vk::BufferUsageFlags::TRANSFER_DST | vk::BufferUsageFlags::VERTEX_BUFFER,
            vk::MemoryPropertyFlags::DEVICE_LOCAL,
        )?;

        self.vertex_buffer = vertex_buffer;
        self.vertex_buffer_memory = vertex_buffer_memory;

        // Copy to the vertex buffer
        self.copy_buffer(device, staging_buffer, vertex_buffer, size)?;

        // cleanup
        device.destroy_buffer(staging_buffer, None);
        device.free_memory(staging_buffer_memory, None);

        Ok(())
    }

    //================================================
    // Command Buffers
    //================================================

    pub(super) unsafe fn create_command_buffers(&mut self, device: &Device) -> Result<()> {
        // Create the buffers
        let allocate_info = vk::CommandBufferAllocateInfo::builder()
            .command_pool(self.command_pool)
            .level(vk::CommandBufferLevel::PRIMARY)
            .command_buffer_count(self.framebuffers.len() as u32);

        self.command_buffers = device.allocate_command_buffers(&allocate_info)?;

        // Add commands
        for (i, command_buffer) in self.command_buffers.iter().enumerate() {
            let inheritance = vk::CommandBufferInheritanceInfo::builder();

            let info = vk::CommandBufferBeginInfo::builder()
                .flags(vk::CommandBufferUsageFlags::empty())
                .inheritance_info(&inheritance);

            device.begin_command_buffer(*command_buffer, &info)?;

            let render_area = vk::Rect2D::builder()
                .offset(vk::Offset2D::default())
                .extent(self.swapchain_extent);

            let color_clear_value = vk::ClearValue {
                color: vk::ClearColorValue {
                    float32: [0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0],
                },
            };

            let clear_values = &[color_clear_value];
            let info = vk::RenderPassBeginInfo::builder()
                .render_pass(self.render_pass)
                .framebuffer(self.framebuffers[i])
                .render_area(render_area)
                .clear_values(clear_values);

            device.cmd_begin_render_pass(*command_buffer, &info, vk::SubpassContents::INLINE);
            device.cmd_bind_pipeline(
                *command_buffer,
                vk::PipelineBindPoint::GRAPHICS,
                self.pipeline,
            );
            device.cmd_bind_vertex_buffers(*command_buffer, 0, &[self.vertex_buffer], &[0]);
            device.cmd_draw(*command_buffer, 3, 1, 0, 0);
            device.cmd_end_render_pass(*command_buffer);

            device.end_command_buffer(*command_buffer)?;
        }

        Ok(())
    }

    //================================================
    // Sync Objects
    //================================================

    pub(super) unsafe fn create_sync_objects(&mut self, device: &Device) -> Result<()> {
        let semaphore_info = vk::SemaphoreCreateInfo::builder();
        let fence_info = vk::FenceCreateInfo::builder().flags(vk::FenceCreateFlags::SIGNALED);

        for _ in 0..MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT {
            self.image_available_semaphores
                .push(device.create_semaphore(&semaphore_info, None)?);
            self.render_finished_semaphores
                .push(device.create_semaphore(&semaphore_info, None)?);

            self.in_flight_fences
                .push(device.create_fence(&fence_info, None)?);
        }

        self.images_in_flight = self
            .swapchain_images
            .iter()
            .map(|_| vk::Fence::null())
            .collect();

        Ok(())
    }

    //================================================
    // Shared (Other)
    //================================================

    unsafe fn get_memory_type_index(
        &self,
        instance: &Instance,
        properties: vk::MemoryPropertyFlags,
        requirements: vk::MemoryRequirements,
    ) -> Result<u32> {
        let memory = instance.get_physical_device_memory_properties(self.physical_device);

        (0..memory.memory_type_count)
            .find(|i| {
                let suitable = (requirements.memory_type_bits & (1 << i)) != 0;
                let memory_type = memory.memory_types[*i as usize];
                suitable && memory_type.property_flags.contains(properties)
            })
            .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("Failed to find suitable memory type."))
    }
}