diff --git a/src/app.rs b/src/app.rs
index 644d46a..05a7f59 100644
--- a/src/app.rs
+++ b/src/app.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 mod data;
-mod functions;
 mod structs;
 
 use data::AppData;
@@ -8,6 +7,7 @@ use structs::*;
 use ::anyhow::{anyhow, Result};
 use ::lazy_static::lazy_static;
 use ::nalgebra_glm as glm;
+use ::std::collections::HashSet;
 use ::std::mem::size_of;
 use ::std::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping as memcpy;
 use ::std::time::Instant;
@@ -218,3 +218,111 @@ impl App {
         Ok(())
     }
 }
+
+//================================================
+// Functions
+//================================================
+
+pub(crate) unsafe fn check_physical_device_extensions(
+    instance: &Instance,
+    physical_device: vk::PhysicalDevice,
+) -> Result<()> {
+    let extensions = instance
+        .enumerate_device_extension_properties(physical_device, None)?
+        .iter()
+        .map(|e| e.extension_name)
+        .collect::<HashSet<_>>();
+
+    if DEVICE_EXTENSIONS.iter().all(|e| extensions.contains(e)) {
+        Ok(())
+    } else {
+        Err(anyhow!(SuitabilityError(
+            "Missing required device extensions."
+        )))
+    }
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn get_swapchain_surface_format(
+    formats: &[vk::SurfaceFormatKHR],
+) -> vk::SurfaceFormatKHR {
+    formats
+        .iter()
+        .cloned()
+        .find(|f| {
+            f.format == vk::Format::B8G8R8A8_SRGB
+                && f.color_space == vk::ColorSpaceKHR::SRGB_NONLINEAR
+        })
+        .unwrap_or_else(|| formats[0])
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn get_swapchain_present_mode(
+    present_modes: &[vk::PresentModeKHR],
+) -> vk::PresentModeKHR {
+    present_modes
+        .iter()
+        .cloned()
+        .find(|m| *m == vk::PresentModeKHR::MAILBOX)
+        .unwrap_or(vk::PresentModeKHR::FIFO)
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn get_swapchain_extent(
+    window: &Window,
+    capabilities: vk::SurfaceCapabilitiesKHR,
+) -> vk::Extent2D {
+    if capabilities.current_extent.width != u32::MAX {
+        capabilities.current_extent
+    } else {
+        let size = window.inner_size();
+        let clamp = |min: u32, max: u32, v: u32| min.max(max.min(v));
+        vk::Extent2D::builder()
+            .width(clamp(
+                capabilities.min_image_extent.width,
+                capabilities.max_image_extent.width,
+                size.width,
+            ))
+            .height(clamp(
+                capabilities.min_image_extent.height,
+                capabilities.max_image_extent.height,
+                size.height,
+            ))
+            .build()
+    }
+}
+
+pub(crate) unsafe fn create_shader_module(
+    device: &Device,
+    bytecode: &[u8],
+) -> Result<vk::ShaderModule> {
+    let bytecode = Vec::<u8>::from(bytecode);
+    let (prefix, code, suffix) = bytecode.align_to::<u32>();
+    if !prefix.is_empty() || !suffix.is_empty() {
+        return Err(anyhow!("Shader bytecode is not properly aligned."));
+    }
+
+    let info = vk::ShaderModuleCreateInfo::builder()
+        .code_size(bytecode.len())
+        .code(code);
+
+    Ok(device.create_shader_module(&info, None)?)
+}
+
+pub(crate) unsafe fn create_image_view(
+    device: &Device,
+    image: vk::Image,
+    format: vk::Format,
+) -> Result<vk::ImageView> {
+    let subresource_range = vk::ImageSubresourceRange::builder()
+        .aspect_mask(vk::ImageAspectFlags::COLOR)
+        .base_mip_level(0)
+        .level_count(1)
+        .base_array_layer(0)
+        .layer_count(1);
+
+    let info = vk::ImageViewCreateInfo::builder()
+        .image(image)
+        .view_type(vk::ImageViewType::_2D)
+        .format(format)
+        .subresource_range(subresource_range);
+
+    Ok(device.create_image_view(&info, None)?)
+}
diff --git a/src/app/data.rs b/src/app/data.rs
index 4e09966..ad936c2 100644
--- a/src/app/data.rs
+++ b/src/app/data.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 #![allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
-use super::functions::*;
 use super::*;
 use crate::VALIDATION_ENABLED;
 
diff --git a/src/app/functions.rs b/src/app/functions.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 7ff80af..0000000
--- a/src/app/functions.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,90 +0,0 @@
-use super::*;
-
-use ::anyhow::{anyhow, Result};
-use ::std::collections::HashSet;
-use ::vulkanalia::prelude::v1_0::*;
-use ::winit::window::Window;
-
-pub unsafe fn check_physical_device_extensions(
-    instance: &Instance,
-    physical_device: vk::PhysicalDevice,
-) -> Result<()> {
-    let extensions = instance
-        .enumerate_device_extension_properties(physical_device, None)?
-        .iter()
-        .map(|e| e.extension_name)
-        .collect::<HashSet<_>>();
-
-    if DEVICE_EXTENSIONS.iter().all(|e| extensions.contains(e)) {
-        Ok(())
-    } else {
-        Err(anyhow!(SuitabilityError(
-            "Missing required device extensions."
-        )))
-    }
-}
-
-//================================================
-// Swapchain
-//================================================
-
-pub fn get_swapchain_surface_format(formats: &[vk::SurfaceFormatKHR]) -> vk::SurfaceFormatKHR {
-    formats
-        .iter()
-        .cloned()
-        .find(|f| {
-            f.format == vk::Format::B8G8R8A8_SRGB
-                && f.color_space == vk::ColorSpaceKHR::SRGB_NONLINEAR
-        })
-        .unwrap_or_else(|| formats[0])
-}
-
-pub fn get_swapchain_present_mode(present_modes: &[vk::PresentModeKHR]) -> vk::PresentModeKHR {
-    present_modes
-        .iter()
-        .cloned()
-        .find(|m| *m == vk::PresentModeKHR::MAILBOX)
-        .unwrap_or(vk::PresentModeKHR::FIFO)
-}
-
-pub fn get_swapchain_extent(
-    window: &Window,
-    capabilities: vk::SurfaceCapabilitiesKHR,
-) -> vk::Extent2D {
-    if capabilities.current_extent.width != u32::MAX {
-        capabilities.current_extent
-    } else {
-        let size = window.inner_size();
-        let clamp = |min: u32, max: u32, v: u32| min.max(max.min(v));
-        vk::Extent2D::builder()
-            .width(clamp(
-                capabilities.min_image_extent.width,
-                capabilities.max_image_extent.width,
-                size.width,
-            ))
-            .height(clamp(
-                capabilities.min_image_extent.height,
-                capabilities.max_image_extent.height,
-                size.height,
-            ))
-            .build()
-    }
-}
-
-//================================================
-// Pipeline
-//================================================
-
-pub unsafe fn create_shader_module(device: &Device, bytecode: &[u8]) -> Result<vk::ShaderModule> {
-    let bytecode = Vec::<u8>::from(bytecode);
-    let (prefix, code, suffix) = bytecode.align_to::<u32>();
-    if !prefix.is_empty() || !suffix.is_empty() {
-        return Err(anyhow!("Shader bytecode is not properly aligned."));
-    }
-
-    let info = vk::ShaderModuleCreateInfo::builder()
-        .code_size(bytecode.len())
-        .code(code);
-
-    Ok(device.create_shader_module(&info, None)?)
-}