724 lines
21 KiB
Rust
724 lines
21 KiB
Rust
//! # Naive JSON Parser
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//!
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//! Based on [JSON Parser with JavaScript](https://lihautan.com/json-parser-with-javascript/)
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//!
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//! This project is only concerned with parsing JSON. Serializing the [JSONValue](enum.JSONValue.html) into
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//! a native rust object is out of scope.
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//!
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//! Basic usage:
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//! ```rust
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//! use std::convert::TryFrom;
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//! use naive_json_parser::{JSON, JSONArray, JSONValue};
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//!
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//! // Convert the JSON string to a `JSONValue`
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//! let result = JSON::parse("[0, 1, 2]");
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//! # assert!(&result.is_ok());
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//!
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//! // Let's assume you know the JSON is valid
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//! let result = result.unwrap();
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//!
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//! // If you want the value inside of the top `JSONValue`, you
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//! // may use the `unwrap` method
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//! let array: JSONArray = result.clone().unwrap();
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//!
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//! // You may also try the type conversion directly, so you can handle a potential error
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//! let array = match JSONArray::try_from(result.clone()) {
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//! Ok(a) => a,
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//! Err(_) => todo!(),
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//! };
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//!
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//! // If you want to create a `JSONValue` from one of its wrapped types, you
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//! // may use the `from` or `into` methods
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//! let json_array = JSONValue::from(array.clone()); // or
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//! let json_array: JSONValue = array.clone().into();
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//! ```
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#![forbid(unsafe_code)]
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use std::collections::HashMap;
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use std::convert::TryFrom;
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use std::iter::FromIterator;
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use std::{char, u16};
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pub type JSONResult = Result<JSONValue, ParseError>;
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pub type JSONArray = Vec<JSONValue>;
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pub type JSONMap = HashMap<String, JSONValue>;
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/// The type of JSON value
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///
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/// The `From` trait is implemented for all the
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/// types of values wrapped in the `JSONValue` enum
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///
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/// Additionally, `()` will convert to `JSONValue::Null`
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#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
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pub enum JSONValue {
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/// Object Literal
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Object(HashMap<String, JSONValue>),
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/// Array Literal
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Array(Vec<JSONValue>),
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/// String Literal
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String(String),
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/// Number Literal
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Number(f64),
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/// True Literal
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True,
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/// False Literal
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False,
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/// Null Literal
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Null,
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}
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impl JSONValue {
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/// Convert the wrapped `JSONValue` to its simpler rust value
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///
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/// This is a convenience method that calls the `try_from` method
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/// for the appropriate type. This will panic if the output type of
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/// the unwrap does not match the type of value in the `JSONValue` struct.
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///
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/// Example:
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/// ```
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/// use naive_json_parser::JSONValue;
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///
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/// let str = "Four score and seven years ago...";
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/// let wrapped = JSONValue::from(str);
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///
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/// // s is now the `String` that was in the `JSONValue` enum
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/// let s: String = wrapped.unwrap();
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///
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/// # assert_eq!(str, &s);
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/// ```
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///
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/// Panicing example:
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/// ```should_panic
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/// # use naive_json_parser::JSONValue;
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/// // Don't try to unwrap one type as another
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/// let json = JSONValue::from(4.5);
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///
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/// // json currently has a `JSONValue::Number` value
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/// // trying to unwrap the value as a string will result in a
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/// // panic
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/// let s: String = json.unwrap(); // This panics
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/// ```
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pub fn unwrap<T: TryFrom<JSONValue>>(self) -> T {
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match T::try_from(self) {
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Ok(val) => val,
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Err(_) => panic!("Tried to unwrap an empty value")
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}
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}
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}
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impl TryFrom<JSONValue> for JSONMap {
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type Error = &'static str;
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/// Extracts the `HashMap` in the `JSONValue` enum, if it exists.
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///
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/// Returns an error if `v` is not a `JSONValue::Object`.
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fn try_from(v: JSONValue) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
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match v {
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JSONValue::Object(o) => Ok(o),
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_ => Err("Invalid type conversion")
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}
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}
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}
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impl TryFrom<JSONValue> for JSONArray {
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type Error = &'static str;
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/// Extracts the `Vec` in the `JSONValue` enum, if it exists.
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///
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/// Returns an error if `v` is not a `JSONValue::Array`.
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fn try_from(v: JSONValue) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
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match v {
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JSONValue::Array(a) => Ok(a),
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_ => Err("Invalid type conversion")
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}
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}
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}
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impl TryFrom<JSONValue> for f64 {
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type Error = &'static str;
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/// Extracts the `f64` in the `JSONValue` enum, if it exists.
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///
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/// Returns an error if `v` is not a `JSONValue::Number`.
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fn try_from(v: JSONValue) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
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match v {
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JSONValue::Number(n) => Ok(n),
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_ => Err("Invalid type conversion")
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}
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}
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}
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impl TryFrom<JSONValue> for String {
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type Error = &'static str;
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/// Extracts the `String` in the `JSONValue` enum, if it exists.
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///
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/// Returns an error if `v` is not a `JSONValue::String`.
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fn try_from(v: JSONValue) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
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match v {
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JSONValue::String(s) => Ok(s),
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_ => Err("Invalid type conversion")
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}
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}
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}
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impl TryFrom<JSONValue> for bool {
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type Error = &'static str;
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/// Extracts the `bool` in the `JSONValue` enum, if it exists.
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///
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/// Returns an error if `v` is not a `JSONValue::True` or `JSONValue::False`.
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fn try_from(v: JSONValue) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
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match v {
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JSONValue::True => Ok(true),
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JSONValue::False => Ok(false),
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_ => Err("Invalid type conversion")
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}
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}
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}
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impl From<JSONValue> for () {
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/// This will just swallow the enum value and return a unit tuple.
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///
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/// This impl only exists to mirror the `()` to `JSONValue::Null`
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/// conversion.
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fn from(_: JSONValue) -> () {
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()
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}
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}
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impl From<JSONMap> for JSONValue {
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/// Wraps the `HashMap` in the `JSONValue` enum,
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/// returning a `JSONValue::Object`
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fn from(val: JSONMap) -> JSONValue {
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Self::Object(val)
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}
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}
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impl From<JSONArray> for JSONValue {
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/// Wraps the `Vec` in the `JSONValue` enum,
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/// returning a `JSONValue::Array`
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fn from(val: JSONArray) -> JSONValue {
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Self::Array(val)
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}
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}
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impl From<f64> for JSONValue {
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/// Wraps the `f64` in the `JSONValue` enum,
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/// returning a `JSONValue::Number`
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fn from(n: f64) -> Self {
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Self::Number(n)
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}
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}
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impl From<String> for JSONValue {
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/// Wraps the `String` in the `JSONValue` enum,
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/// returning a `JSONValue::String`
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fn from(s: String) -> Self {
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Self::String(s)
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}
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}
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impl From<&str> for JSONValue {
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/// Creates a `String` and wraps it in the `JSONValue` enum,
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/// returning a `JSONValue::String`
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fn from(s: &str) -> Self {
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Self::String(String::from(s))
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}
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}
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impl From<bool> for JSONValue {
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/// Sets the `JSONValue` enum to the `True` or `False` value
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fn from(val: bool) -> Self {
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match val {
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true => Self::True,
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false => Self::False,
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}
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}
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}
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impl From<()> for JSONValue {
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/// Sets the `JSONValue` enum to the `Null` value
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fn from(_s: ()) -> Self {
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Self::Null
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}
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}
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/// The type of error returned by the parser
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#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
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pub enum ParseError {
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/// The input looks like JSON, but seems to end
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UnexpectedEndOfInput(String),
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/// Looks like JSON, but seems to have characters after it should
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ExpectedEndOfInput(String),
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/// Wasn't this supposed to be an object literal?
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ExpectedObjectKey(String),
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/// Hey, wasn't there supposed to be...?
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ExpectedToken(String),
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/// What's this character?
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UnexpectedToken(String),
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/// Shouldn't this be a numeral?
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ExpectedDigit(String),
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/// There's a backslash...were you going somewhere with that?
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ExpectedEscapeChar(String),
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/// Should be a unicode escape character...missing a few digits?
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ExpectedUnicodeEscape(String),
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}
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/// This struct is the bulk of the parser
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///
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/// The members of the struct are private, as they
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/// are implementation details of the parser
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#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
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pub struct JSON {
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/// The input JSON String as a character array
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chars: Vec<char>,
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/// The internal parsing index
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i: usize,
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}
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/// Cut down the if boilerplate
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///
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/// Thanks to `uwaterloodudette` on reddit
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macro_rules! try_parse {
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($( $e:expr ),* ) => {
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$(
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if let Some(v) = $e? {
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return Ok(v);
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}
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)*
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};
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}
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impl JSON {
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/// Private constructor
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fn new(json: &str) -> Self {
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JSON {
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chars: json.chars().collect(),
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i: 0,
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}
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}
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/// Parse a `JSONValue` from the current JSON string
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fn parse_value(&mut self) -> JSONResult {
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self.skip_whitespace();
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// Go through the parser methods, until you find
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// one that doesn't return a `None`
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try_parse!(
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self.parse_string(),
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self.parse_number(),
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self.parse_object(),
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self.parse_array(),
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self.parse_keyword("true", JSONValue::True),
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self.parse_keyword("false", JSONValue::False),
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self.parse_keyword("null", JSONValue::Null)
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);
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// Every parser failed, so the syntax is probably incorrect
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Err(ParseError::UnexpectedEndOfInput(format!(
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"Doesn't seem to be valid JSON"
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)))
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}
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/// See if there's a `JSONValue::Object` next in the JSON
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fn parse_object(&mut self) -> Result<Option<JSONValue>, ParseError> {
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if self.chars[self.i] != '{' {
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return Ok(None);
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}
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self.increment(1);
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self.skip_whitespace();
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let mut result: JSONMap = HashMap::new();
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let mut initial = true;
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// if it is not '}',
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// we take the path of string -> whitespace -> ':' -> value -> ...
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while self.chars[self.i] != '}' {
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self.skip_whitespace();
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if initial == false {
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self.eat(',')?;
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self.skip_whitespace();
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} else {
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self.skip_whitespace();
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}
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let maybe_key = self.parse_string()?;
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if maybe_key.is_none() {
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return Err(ParseError::ExpectedObjectKey(format!(
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"Expected an object key. Does the object have a trailing comma?"
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)));
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}
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self.skip_whitespace();
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self.eat(':')?;
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let key = maybe_key.unwrap().unwrap();
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let value = self.parse_value()?;
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result.insert(key, value);
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initial = false;
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self.skip_whitespace();
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}
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self.expect_not_end('}')?;
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// Move to the next character: '}'
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self.increment(1);
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Ok(Some(JSONValue::from(result)))
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}
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/// See if there's a `JSONValue::Array` next in the JSON
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fn parse_array(&mut self) -> Result<Option<JSONValue>, ParseError> {
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if self.chars[self.i] != '[' {
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return Ok(None);
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}
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self.increment(1);
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self.skip_whitespace();
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let mut result: Vec<JSONValue> = vec![];
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let mut initial = true;
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while self.chars[self.i] != ']' {
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self.skip_whitespace();
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if initial == false {
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self.eat(',')?;
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}
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let value = self.parse_value()?;
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result.push(value);
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initial = false;
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}
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self.expect_not_end(']')?;
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// move to next character: ']'
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self.increment(1);
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Ok(Some(JSONValue::from(result)))
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}
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/// See if there's a `JSONValue::String` next in the JSON
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fn parse_string(&mut self) -> Result<Option<JSONValue>, ParseError> {
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if self.chars[self.i] != '"' {
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return Ok(None);
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}
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self.increment(1);
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let mut result = String::new();
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while self.chars[self.i] != '"' && self.i < self.chars.len() - 1 {
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// All the escape sequences...
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if self.chars[self.i] == '\\' {
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let ch = self.chars[self.i + 1];
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if ch == '"' {
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result.push_str("\"");
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self.increment(1);
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} else if ['\\', '/'].contains(&ch) {
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let escaped = ch.escape_default().next().unwrap_or(ch);
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result.push(escaped);
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self.increment(1);
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} else if ['b', 'f', 'n', 'r', 't'].contains(&ch) {
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let ch = match ch {
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'b' => '\u{8}',
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'f' => '\x0C',
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'n' => '\n',
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'r' => '\r',
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't' => '\t',
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_ => unreachable!(),
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};
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result.push(ch);
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self.increment(1);
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} else if ch == 'u' {
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if self.chars[self.i + 2].is_ascii_hexdigit()
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&& self.chars[self.i + 3].is_ascii_hexdigit()
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&& self.chars[self.i + 4].is_ascii_hexdigit()
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&& self.chars[self.i + 5].is_ascii_hexdigit()
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{
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// Blech, parse out a JSON unicode (utf16) escape code. Handles surrogate pairs
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// by giving you the replacement character...because...yeah
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let char_str = String::from_iter(&self.chars[self.i + 2..=self.i + 5]);
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let code = u16::from_str_radix(&char_str, 16)
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.expect("Failed to parse unicode escape number");
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let string = String::from_utf16_lossy(&[code]);
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result.push_str(&string);
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self.increment(5);
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} else {
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return Err(ParseError::ExpectedUnicodeEscape(format!(
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"Expected a unicode escape sequence"
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)));
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}
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} else {
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return Err(ParseError::ExpectedEscapeChar(format!(
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"Expected an escape sequence"
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)));
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}
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} else {
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result.push(self.chars[self.i]);
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}
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self.increment(1);
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}
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self.expect_not_end('"')?;
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self.increment(1);
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Ok(Some(JSONValue::from(result)))
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}
|
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|
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/// See if there's a `JSONValue::Number` next in the JSON
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fn parse_number(&mut self) -> Result<Option<JSONValue>, ParseError> {
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let start = self.i;
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// If it doesn't start with 0-9 or a minus sign, it's probably not a number
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if !(self.chars[start].is_ascii_digit() || self.chars[start] == '-') {
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return Ok(None);
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}
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// All this looping basically just counts the number of characters in the number
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let max = self.chars.len() - 1;
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let mut n = start;
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|
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// Minus sign
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if self.chars[n] == '-' && n < max {
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n += 1;
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self.expect_digit(start, n)?;
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}
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// Integer Part
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while self.chars[n].is_ascii_digit() && n < max {
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n += 1;
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}
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|
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// Decimal Part
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|
if self.chars[n] == '.' && n < max {
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n += 1;
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self.expect_digit(start, n)?;
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while self.chars[n].is_ascii_digit() && n < max {
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n += 1;
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}
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}
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// Scientific notation part
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if self.chars[n] == 'e' || self.chars[n] == 'E' && n < max {
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n += 1;
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if self.chars[n] == '-' || self.chars[n] == '+' && n < max {
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n += 1;
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}
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|
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// Exponent base
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self.expect_digit(start, n)?;
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while self.chars[n].is_ascii_digit() && n < max {
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n += 1;
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}
|
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}
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|
|
// If there are numeric digits attempt to parse the digits as a number
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if n > start {
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let mut end = if n < self.chars.len() { n } else { max };
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|
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// Hack to remove non-number characters
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if !self.chars[end].is_ascii_digit() {
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end -= 1;
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}
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let str = String::from_iter(&self.chars[start..=end]);
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match str.parse::<f64>() {
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Ok(number) => {
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self.increment(str.len());
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return Ok(Some(JSONValue::from(number)));
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}
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Err(e) => Err(ParseError::ExpectedDigit(format!("'{}', {:#?}", str, e))),
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}
|
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} else {
|
|
Ok(None)
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/// See if there's a `JSONValue::True`, `JSONValue::False`, or a `JSONValue::Null` next in the JSON
|
|
fn parse_keyword(
|
|
&mut self,
|
|
search: &str,
|
|
value: JSONValue,
|
|
) -> Result<Option<JSONValue>, ParseError> {
|
|
let start = self.i;
|
|
let end = if self.i + search.len() > self.chars.len() {
|
|
self.chars.len()
|
|
} else {
|
|
self.i + search.len()
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
let slice = &String::from_iter(&self.chars[start..end]);
|
|
if slice == search {
|
|
self.i += search.len();
|
|
|
|
return Ok(Some(value));
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
Ok(None)
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/// Increment the internal index until the next character is not a whitespace character
|
|
fn skip_whitespace(&mut self) {
|
|
while self.chars[self.i].is_ascii_whitespace() {
|
|
self.increment(1);
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/// 'Eat' the specified character
|
|
///
|
|
/// * If the next `char` matches the one passed, the internal index is incremented
|
|
/// * If the next `char` does not match the one passed, a `ParseError::ExpectedToken`
|
|
/// error is returned
|
|
fn eat(&mut self, ch: char) -> Result<(), ParseError> {
|
|
if self.chars[self.i] != ch {
|
|
let msg = format!("Expected {}.", ch);
|
|
return Err(ParseError::ExpectedToken(msg));
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
self.increment(1);
|
|
|
|
Ok(())
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/// Do a checked increment of the internal pointer index
|
|
fn increment(&mut self, amount: usize) {
|
|
let current = self.i;
|
|
if current + amount >= self.chars.len() {
|
|
self.i = self.chars.len() - 1;
|
|
} else {
|
|
self.i += amount;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/// Check that the next character is a digit. If not, return ParseError.
|
|
fn expect_digit(&mut self, start: usize, end: usize) -> Result<(), ParseError> {
|
|
let current = String::from_iter(&self.chars[start..end]);
|
|
if !self.chars[end].is_ascii_digit() {
|
|
Err(ParseError::ExpectedDigit(format!(
|
|
"Expected a digit, received '{}' after numeric '{}'",
|
|
self.chars[end], current
|
|
)))
|
|
} else {
|
|
Ok(())
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/// Verify that we are not at the end of the input string
|
|
fn expect_not_end(&mut self, ch: char) -> Result<(), ParseError> {
|
|
if self.i == self.chars.len() {
|
|
Err(ParseError::UnexpectedEndOfInput(format!(
|
|
"Unexpected end of input. Expected '{}'",
|
|
ch
|
|
)))
|
|
} else {
|
|
Ok(())
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/// Convert a `&str` containing JSON into a `Result<JSONValue, ParseError>`
|
|
///
|
|
/// Example:
|
|
/// ```rust
|
|
/// use naive_json_parser::JSON;
|
|
///
|
|
/// let json = r#"[1, 2.0, 3e4, "foo", {}, [], true, false, null]"#;
|
|
///
|
|
/// // If valid JSON, this should now be a set of nested `JSONValue` enums containing the
|
|
/// // parsed values. If invalid, a `ParseError` is returned.
|
|
/// let parse_result = JSON::parse(json);
|
|
/// # assert!(parse_result.is_ok(), "Parse method example failed");
|
|
/// ```
|
|
pub fn parse(json: &str) -> JSONResult {
|
|
JSON::new(json).parse_value()
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
#[cfg(test)]
|
|
#[cfg(not(tarpaulin_include))]
|
|
mod tests {
|
|
use super::JSONValue::{Array, Number, True};
|
|
use super::*;
|
|
|
|
#[test]
|
|
fn parse_keyword() {
|
|
let res = JSON::new(r#""foobarbaz""#).parse_keyword("true", JSONValue::True);
|
|
assert_eq!(res, Ok(None));
|
|
|
|
let res = JSON::new("true").parse_keyword("true", JSONValue::True);
|
|
assert_eq!(res, Ok(Some(True)));
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
#[test]
|
|
fn skip_whitespace() {
|
|
let mut parser = JSON::new(" \t\r\nx");
|
|
parser.skip_whitespace();
|
|
assert_eq!('x', parser.chars[parser.i]);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
#[test]
|
|
fn parse_string() {
|
|
let res = JSON::new(r#""\t""#).parse_string();
|
|
assert_eq!(res, Ok(Some(JSONValue::from("\t"))));
|
|
|
|
let res = JSON::new(r#""\u203d""#).parse_string();
|
|
assert_eq!(res, Ok(Some(JSONValue::from("‽"))));
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
#[test]
|
|
fn parse_empty_array() {
|
|
let res = JSON::new("[]").parse_value();
|
|
assert_eq!(res, Ok(Array(vec![])));
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
#[test]
|
|
fn parse_number() {
|
|
// This function works like I think, right?
|
|
assert_eq!(','.is_ascii_digit(), false);
|
|
|
|
let res = JSON::new(r#""foo""#).parse_number();
|
|
assert_eq!(res, Ok(None));
|
|
|
|
let res = JSON::new("3e4").parse_number();
|
|
assert_eq!(res, Ok(Some(Number(3e4f64))));
|
|
|
|
let res = JSON::new("1.234,").parse_number();
|
|
assert_eq!(res, Ok(Some(Number(1.234f64))));
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
#[test]
|
|
fn parse_object() {
|
|
let result = JSON::new(r#"{"foo": "bar"}"#).parse_object();
|
|
|
|
let mut hash_map: JSONMap = HashMap::new();
|
|
hash_map.insert(String::from("foo"), JSONValue::from("bar"));
|
|
|
|
assert_eq!(result, Ok(Some(JSONValue::Object(hash_map))));
|
|
}
|
|
}
|