Really ugly progress commit

.editorconfig

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# EditorConfig is awesome: http://EditorConfig.org
+
+# top-most EditorConfig file
+root = true
+
+# Unix-style newlines with a newline ending every file
+[*]
+end_of_line = lf
+insert_final_newline = false
+charset = utf-8
+indent_style = tab
+trim_trailing_whitespace = true
+
+[*.{cpp,c,h,hpp,cxx}]
+insert_final_newline = true
+
+# Yaml files
+[*.{yml,yaml}]
+indent_style = space
+indent_size = 4

RoboFile.php

@@ -20,8 +20,13 @@ if ( ! function_exists('glob_recursive'))
  *
  * @see http://robo.li/
  */
-class RoboFile extends \Robo\Tasks
-{
+class RoboFile extends \Robo\Tasks {
+
+	/**
+	 * Directories used by analysis tools
+	 *
+	 * @var array
+	 */
 	protected $taskDirs = [
 		'build/api',
 		'build/coverage',
@@ -41,6 +46,7 @@ class RoboFile extends \Robo\Tasks
 		$this->phploc(TRUE);
 		$this->dependencyReport();
 		$this->phpcpdReport();
+		$this->phpcsReport();
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -135,6 +141,20 @@ class RoboFile extends \Robo\Tasks
 		$this->_run($cmd_parts);
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Run the phpcs tool
+	 */
+	public function phpcs()
+	{
+		$cmd_parts = [
+			'vendor/bin/phpcs',
+			'--standard=./build/phpcs.xml',
+			'--report=summary'
+		];
+
+		$this->_run($cmd_parts);
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * Run the phploc tool
 	 *
@@ -145,6 +165,7 @@ class RoboFile extends \Robo\Tasks
 		// Command for generating reports
 		$report_cmd_parts = [
 			'vendor/bin/phploc',
+			'--count-tests',
 			'--log-csv=build/logs/phploc.csv',
 			'--log-xml=build/logs/phploc.xml',
 			'src',
@@ -263,6 +284,19 @@ class RoboFile extends \Robo\Tasks
 		$this->_run($cmd_parts);
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Generate code style report
+	 */
+	protected function phpcsReport()
+	{
+		$cmd_parts = [
+			'vendor/bin/phpcs',
+			'--standard=./build/phpcs.xml',
+			'--report-xml=./build/logs/phpcs.xml'
+		];
+		$this->_run($cmd_parts);
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * Short cut for joining an array of command arguments
 	 * and then running it

build/CodeIgniter-for-PHP_CodeSniffer

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Subproject commit b501f01403216a917754e3f76ba7022d4ad37a4e

build/phpcs.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<ruleset name="Tim's Coding Standard">
+	<description>A variation of the CodeIgniter standard</description>
+
+	<file>../src/</file>
+
+	<rule ref="Generic.Files.LineEndings">
+		<properties>
+			<property name="eolChar" value="\n"/>
+		</properties>
+	</rule>
+
+	<!-- PHP files should OMIT the closing PHP tag -->
+	<rule ref="Zend.Files.ClosingTag"/>
+	<!-- Always use full PHP opening tags -->
+	<rule ref="Generic.PHP.DisallowShortOpenTag"/>
+
+	<!-- Constants should always be fully uppercase -->
+	<rule ref="Generic.NamingConventions.UpperCaseConstantName"/>
+	<!-- TRUE, FALSE, and NULL keywords should always be fully uppercase -->
+	<rule ref="Generic.PHP.UpperCaseConstant"/>
+
+	<!-- One statement per line -->
+	<rule ref="Generic.Formatting.DisallowMultipleStatements"/>
+
+	<!-- Classes and functions should be commented -->
+	<rule ref="PEAR.Commenting.ClassComment"/>
+	<rule ref="PEAR.Commenting.FunctionComment"/>
+	<rule ref="Squiz.Commenting.FunctionCommentThrowTag"/>
+	<!-- Use warnings for docblock comments for files and variables, since nothing is cleary explained -->
+	<rule ref="PEAR.Commenting.FileComment">
+		<properties>
+			<property name="error" value="false"/>
+		</properties>
+	</rule>
+	<rule ref="Squiz.Commenting.VariableComment">
+		<properties>
+			<property name="error" value="false"/>
+		</properties>
+	</rule>
+
+	<!-- Use Allman style indenting. With the exception of Class declarations,
+         braces are always placed on a line by themselves, and indented at the same level as the control statement that "owns" them. -->
+	<rule ref="Generic.Functions.OpeningFunctionBraceBsdAllman"/>
+	<rule ref="PEAR.WhiteSpace.ScopeClosingBrace"/>
+	<rule ref="Generic.Functions.FunctionCallArgumentSpacing"/>
+
+	<rule ref="Generic.PHP.ForbiddenFunctions">
+		<properties>
+			<property name="forbiddenFunctions" type="array" value="create_function=>null,eval=>null" />
+		</properties>
+	</rule>
+</ruleset>

build/phpdox.xml

@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@
             <inheritance resolve="true">
                 <!--  @resolve - Flag to enable/disable resolving of inheritance -->
 
+
                 <!--  You can define multiple (external) dependencies to be included -->
                 <!--  <dependency  path="" -->
                 <!--    @path  - path to a directory containing an index.xml for a dependency project -->
@@ -84,11 +85,9 @@
                 </source>
 
                 <!-- PHP Code Sniffer findings -->
-                <!--
                 <source type="phpcs">
-                    <file name="logs/phpcs.xml" />
+                    <file name="phpcs.xml" />
                 </source>
-                -->
 
                 <!-- PHPMessDetector -->
                 <!--
@@ -99,7 +98,7 @@
 
                 <!-- PHPUnit Coverage XML -->
                 <source type="phpunit">
-                    <coverage path="coverage" />
+                    <coverage path="coverage/clover.xml" />
                     <!-- <coverage path="clover.xml" />-->
                     <!--           @path - the directory where the xml code coverage report can be found -->
                     <!--<filter directory="${phpDox.project.source}" />-->

build/phpunit.xml

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 	>
 	<filter>
 		<whitelist>
-			<directory suffix=".php">../src/Aviat/Ion</directory>
+			<directory suffix=".php">../src/Ion</directory>
 		</whitelist>
 	</filter>
 	<testsuites>

build/update_header_comments.php

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <?php
 
 $ion_file_patterns = [
-	'src/Aviat/Ion/*.php'
+	'src/*.php'
 ];
 
 if ( ! function_exists('glob_recursive'))

composer.json

@@ -4,7 +4,12 @@
 	"license":"MIT",
 	"autoload": {
 		"psr-4": {
-			"": "src/"
+			"Aviat\\": "src/"
+		}
+	},
+	"autoload-dev": {
+		"psr-4": {
+			"Aviat\\Ion\\Tests\\": "tests/Ion/"
 		}
 	},
 	"require": {
@@ -13,8 +18,6 @@
 		"container-interop/container-interop": "1.*",
 		"danielstjules/stringy": "~2.1",
 		"guzzlehttp/guzzle": "6.*",
-		"monolog/monolog": "1.*",
-		"predis/predis": "1.1.*",
 		"psr/http-message": "~1.0",
 		"psr/log": "~1.0",
 		"zendframework/zend-diactoros": "1.3.*"
@@ -22,13 +25,22 @@
 	"require-dev": {
 		"pdepend/pdepend": "^2.2",
 		"sebastian/phpcpd": "^2.0",
-		"theseer/phpdox": "0.8.1.1",
+		"theseer/phpdox": "~0.9.0",
 		"phploc/phploc": "^3.0",
 		"phpmd/phpmd": "^2.4",
 		"phpunit/phpunit": "^5.4",
 		"robmorgan/phinx": "^0.6.4",
 		"humbug/humbug": "~1.0@dev",
-		"consolidation/robo": "~1.0@dev",
-		"henrikbjorn/lurker": "^1.1.0"
+		"consolidation/robo": "~1.0@RC",
+		"henrikbjorn/lurker": "^1.1.0",
+		"nikic/php-parser": "3.0.*@alpha",
+		"monolog/monolog": "1.*",
+		"predis/predis": "1.1.*",
+		"squizlabs/php_codesniffer": "^2.6"
+	},
+	"suggest": {
+		"monolog/monolog": "Provides implementation of psr/log",
+	  	"predis/predis": "Required for redis cache driver",
+		"zendframework/zend-diactoros": "Provides implementation of psr/http-message"
 	}
 }

phpunit.xml

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 >
     <filter>
         <whitelist>
-            <directory suffix=".php">src/Aviat/Ion</directory>
+            <directory suffix=".php">src/Ion</directory>
         </whitelist>
     </filter>
     <testsuites>

src/Ion/Cache/CacheInterface.php

@@ -21,9 +21,9 @@ interface CacheInterface {
 	 * Retrieve a cached value if it exists, otherwise, get the value
 	 * from the passed arguments
 	 *
-	 * @param object $object - object to retrieve fresh value from
-	 * @param string $method - method name to call
-	 * @param [array] $args - the arguments to pass to the retrieval method
+	 * @param object  $object - object to retrieve fresh value from
+	 * @param string  $method - method name to call
+	 * @param [array] $args   - the arguments to pass to the retrieval method
 	 * @return mixed - the cached or fresh data
 	 */
 	public function get($object, $method, array $args=[]);
@@ -31,9 +31,9 @@ interface CacheInterface {
 	/**
 	 * Retrieve a fresh value, and update the cache
 	 *
-	 * @param object $object - object to retrieve fresh value from
-	 * @param string $method - method name to call
-	 * @param [array] $args - the arguments to pass to the retrieval method
+	 * @param object  $object - object to retrieve fresh value from
+	 * @param string  $method - method name to call
+	 * @param [array] $args   - the arguments to pass to the retrieval method
 	 * @return mixed - the fresh data
 	 */
 	public function getFresh($object, $method, array $args=[]);

src/Ion/Cache/CacheManager.php

@@ -51,9 +51,9 @@ class CacheManager implements CacheInterface {
 	 * Retrieve a cached value if it exists, otherwise, get the value
 	 * from the passed arguments
 	 *
-	 * @param object $object - object to retrieve fresh value from
-	 * @param string $method - method name to call
-	 * @param [array] $args - the arguments to pass to the retrieval method
+	 * @param object  $object - object to retrieve fresh value from
+	 * @param string  $method - method name to call
+	 * @param [array] $args   - the arguments to pass to the retrieval method
 	 * @return mixed - the cached or fresh data
 	 */
 	public function get($object, $method, array $args=[])
@@ -73,9 +73,9 @@ class CacheManager implements CacheInterface {
 
 	/**
 	 * Retrieve a fresh value from the method, and update the cache
-	 * @param object $object - object to retrieve fresh value from
-	 * @param string $method - method name to call
-	 * @param [array] $args - the arguments to pass to the retrieval method
+	 * @param object  $object - object to retrieve fresh value from
+	 * @param string  $method - method name to call
+	 * @param [array] $args   - the arguments to pass to the retrieval method
 	 * @return mixed - the fresh data
 	 */
 	public function getFresh($object, $method, array $args=[])
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ class CacheManager implements CacheInterface {
 	 *
 	 * @param object $object
 	 * @param string $method
-	 * @param array $args
+	 * @param array  $args
 	 * @return string
 	 */
 	protected function generateHashForMethod($object, $method, array $args)

src/Ion/Cache/Driver/DriverInterface.php

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ interface DriverInterface {
 	 * Set a cached value
 	 *
 	 * @param string $key
-	 * @param mixed $value
+	 * @param mixed  $value
 	 * @return DriverInterface
 	 */
 	public function set($key, $value);

src/Ion/Cache/Driver/NullDriver.php

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ class NullDriver implements DriverInterface {
 	 * Set a cached value
 	 *
 	 * @param string $key
-	 * @param mixed $value
+	 * @param mixed  $value
 	 * @return DriverInterface
 	 */
 	public function set($key, $value)

src/Ion/Cache/Driver/RedisDriver.php

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ class RedisDriver implements DriverInterface {
 	 */
 	public function __destruct()
 	{
-		$this->redis = null;
+		$this->redis = NULL;
 	}
 	
 	/**
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ class RedisDriver implements DriverInterface {
 	 * Set a cached value
 	 *
 	 * @param string $rawKey
-	 * @param mixed $value
+	 * @param mixed  $value
 	 * @return DriverInterface
 	 */
 	public function set($rawKey, $value)

src/Ion/Cache/Driver/SQLDriver.php

@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ class SQLDriver extends DB implements DriverInterface  {
 	 * Set a cached value
 	 *
 	 * @param string $key
-	 * @param mixed $value
+	 * @param mixed  $value
 	 * @return DriverInterface
 	 */
 	public function set($key, $value)

src/Ion/Config.php

@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ class Config implements ConfigInterface {
 	 * Set a config value
 	 *
 	 * @param integer|string|array $key
-	 * @param mixed $value
+	 * @param mixed                $value
 	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
 	 * @return Config
 	 */

src/Ion/ConfigInterface.php

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ interface ConfigInterface {
 	 * Set a config value
 	 *
 	 * @param integer|string|array $key
-	 * @param mixed $value
+	 * @param mixed                $value
 	 * @throws \InvalidArgumentException
 	 * @return ConfigInterface
 	 */

src/Ion/Di/Container.php

@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ class Container implements ContainerInterface {
 	 * Add a value to the container
 	 *
 	 * @param string $id
-	 * @param mixed $value
+	 * @param mixed  $value
 	 * @return ContainerInterface
 	 */
 	public function set($id, $value)
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ class Container implements ContainerInterface {
 
 	/**
 	 * Determine whether a logger channel is registered
-	 * @param  string  $key The logger channel
+	 * @param  string $key The logger channel
 	 * @return boolean
 	 */
 	public function hasLogger($key = 'default')

src/Ion/Di/ContainerInterface.php

@@ -23,14 +23,14 @@ interface ContainerInterface extends \Interop\Container\ContainerInterface {
 	 * Add a value to the container
 	 *
 	 * @param string $key
-	 * @param mixed $value
+	 * @param mixed  $value
 	 * @return ContainerInterface
 	 */
 	public function set($key, $value);
 
 	/**
 	 * Determine whether a logger channel is registered
-	 * @param  string  $key The logger channel
+	 * @param  string $key The logger channel
 	 * @return boolean
 	 */
 	public function hasLogger($key = 'default');

src/Ion/Enum.php

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ abstract class Enum {
 
 	/**
 	 * Verify that a constant value is valid
-	 * @param  mixed  $key
+	 * @param  mixed $key
 	 * @return boolean
 	 */
 	protected function isValid($key)

src/Ion/Exception/DoubleRenderException.php

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+<?php
+/**
+ * Ion
+ *
+ * Building blocks for web development
+ *
+ * @package     Ion
+ * @author      Timothy J. Warren
+ * @copyright   Copyright (c) 2015 - 2016
+ * @license     MIT
+ */
+
+namespace Aviat\Ion\Exception;
+
+/**
+ * Exception called when a view is attempted to be sent twice
+ */
+class DoubleRenderException extends \LogicException {
+
+	/**
+	 * DoubleRenderException constructor.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $message
+	 * @param int    $code
+	 * @param null   $previous
+	 */
+	public function __construct($message = 'A view can only be rendered once, because headers can only be sent once.', $code = 0, $previous = NULL)
+	{
+		parent::__construct($message, $code, $previous);
+	}
+}

src/Ion/Friend.php

@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ class Friend {
 	 * Set a friend's property
 	 *
 	 * @param string $key
-	 * @param mixed $value
+	 * @param mixed  $value
 	 * @return void
 	 */
 	public function __set($key, $value)
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ class Friend {
 	 * Calls a protected or private method on the friend
 	 *
 	 * @param  string $method
-	 * @param  array $args
+	 * @param  array  $args
 	 * @return mixed
 	 */
 	public function __call($method, $args)

src/Ion/Json.php

@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@ class Json {
 	 * Encode data in json format
 	 *
 	 * @param mixed $data
-	 * @param int $options
-	 * @param int $depth
+	 * @param int   $options
+	 * @param int   $depth
 	 * @return string
 	 */
 	public static function encode($data, $options = 0, $depth = 512)
@@ -38,9 +38,9 @@ class Json {
 	 * Encode data in json format and save to a file
 	 *
 	 * @param string $filename
-	 * @param mixed $data
-	 * @param int $json_options - Options to pass to json_encode
-	 * @param int $file_options - Options to pass to file_get_contents
+	 * @param mixed  $data
+	 * @param int    $json_options - Options to pass to json_encode
+	 * @param int    $file_options - Options to pass to file_get_contents
 	 * @return int
 	 */
 	public static function encodeFile($filename, $data, $json_options = 0, $file_options = 0)
@@ -53,9 +53,9 @@ class Json {
 	 * Decode data from json
 	 *
 	 * @param string $json
-	 * @param bool $assoc
-	 * @param int $depth
-	 * @param int $options
+	 * @param bool   $assoc
+	 * @param int    $depth
+	 * @param int    $options
 	 * @return mixed
 	 */
 	public static function decode($json, $assoc = TRUE, $depth = 512, $options = 0)
@@ -77,9 +77,9 @@ class Json {
 	 * Decode json data loaded from the passed filename
 	 *
 	 * @param string $filename
-	 * @param bool $assoc
- 	 * @param int $depth
- 	 * @param int $options
+	 * @param bool   $assoc
+ 	 * @param int    $depth
+ 	 * @param int    $options
 	 * @return mixed
 	 */
 	public static function decodeFile($filename, $assoc = TRUE, $depth = 512, $options = 0)
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ class Json {
 	/**
 	 * Determines whether a string is valid json
 	 *
-	 * @param  string  $string
+	 * @param  string $string
 	 * @return boolean
 	 */
 	public static function isJson($string)

src/Ion/StaticInstance.php

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ trait StaticInstance {
 	 *
 	 * @codeCoverageIgnore
 	 * @param string $method
-	 * @param array $args
+	 * @param array  $args
 	 * @retun mixed
 	 */
 	public function __call($method, $args)
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ trait StaticInstance {
 	 * an instance of the class isn't required
 	 *
 	 * @param string $method
-	 * @param array $args
+	 * @param array  $args
 	 * @return mixed
 	 */
 	public static function __callStatic($method, $args)

src/Ion/Type/ArrayType.php

@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ class ArrayType {
 	 * Call one of the dynamically created methods
 	 *
 	 * @param string $method
-	 * @param array $args
+	 * @param array  $args
 	 * @return mixed
 	 * @throws \InvalidArgumentException
 	 */
@@ -120,8 +120,8 @@ class ArrayType {
 	/**
 	 * Fill an array with the specified value
 	 *
-	 * @param int $start_index
-	 * @param int $num
+	 * @param int   $start_index
+	 * @param int   $num
 	 * @param mixed $value
 	 * @return array
 	 */
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ class ArrayType {
 	 * Find an array key by its associated value
 	 *
 	 * @param mixed $value
-	 * @param bool $strict
+	 * @param bool  $strict
 	 * @return false|integer|string
 	 */
 	public function search($value, $strict = FALSE)
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ class ArrayType {
 	 * Determine if the array has the passed value
 	 *
 	 * @param mixed $value
-	 * @param bool $strict
+	 * @param bool  $strict
 	 * @return bool
 	 */
 	public function has($value, $strict = FALSE)
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ class ArrayType {
 	 * Sets the value of an arbitrarily deep key in the array
 	 * and returns the modified array
 	 *
-	 * @param array  $key
+	 * @param array $key
 	 * @param mixed $value
 	 * @return array
 	 */

src/Ion/View.php

@@ -12,13 +12,16 @@
 
 namespace Aviat\Ion;
 
+use Psr\Http\Message\ResponseInterface;
+
 use Aviat\Ion\Di\ContainerInterface;
+use Aviat\Ion\Exception\DoubleRenderException;
 use Aviat\Ion\Type\StringType;
 
 /**
  * Base view response class
  */
-abstract class View {
+abstract class View /* partially */ implements ViewInterface {
 
 	use Di\ContainerAware;
 	use StringWrapper;
@@ -26,31 +29,10 @@ abstract class View {
 	/**
 	 * HTTP response Object
 	 *
-	 * @var Zend\Diactoros\Response
+	 * @var ResponseInterface
 	 */
 	public $response;
 
-	/**
-	 * Redirect response object
-	 *
-	 * @var Zend\Diactoros\RedirectResponse
-	 */
-	protected $redirectResponse;
-
-	/**
-	 * Response mime type
-	 *
-	 * @var string
-	 */
-	protected $contentType = '';
-
-	/**
-	 * String of response to be output
-	 *
-	 * @var StringType
-	 */
-	protected $output;
-
 	/**
 	 * If the view has sent output via
 	 * __toString or send method
@@ -68,7 +50,6 @@ abstract class View {
 	{
 		$this->setContainer($container);
 		$this->response = $container->get('response');
-		$this->redirectResponse = NULL;
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -83,21 +64,20 @@ abstract class View {
 	}
 
 	/**
-	 * Return rendered output
-	 *
-	 * @return string
+	 * @inheritdoc
 	 */
 	public function __toString()
 	{
+		if ($this->hasRendered)
+		{
+			throw new DoubleRenderException();
+		}
 		$this->hasRendered = TRUE;
 		return $this->getOutput();
 	}
 
 	/**
-	 * Set the output string
-	 *
-	 * @param string $string
-	 * @return View
+	 * @inheritdoc
 	 */
 	public function setOutput($string)
 	{
@@ -107,10 +87,7 @@ abstract class View {
 	}
 
 	/**
-	 * Append additional output
-	 *
-	 * @param string $string
-	 * @return View
+	 * @inheritdoc
 	 */
 	public function appendOutput($string)
 	{
@@ -118,20 +95,11 @@ abstract class View {
 	}
 
 	/**
-	 * Get the current output string
-	 *
-	 * @return string
+	 * @inheritdoc
 	 */
 	public function getOutput()
 	{
 		return $this->response->getBody()->__toString();
 	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Send output to client
-	 *
-	 * @return void
-	 */
-	abstract public function send();
 }
 // End of View.php

src/Ion/View/HtmlView.php

@@ -26,6 +26,13 @@ class HtmlView extends HttpView {
 	 */
 	protected $helper;
 
+	/**
+	 * Response mime type
+	 *
+	 * @var string
+	 */
+	protected $contentType = 'text/html';
+
 	/**
 	 * Create the Html View
 	 *
@@ -37,18 +44,11 @@ class HtmlView extends HttpView {
 		$this->helper = $container->get('html-helper');
 	}
 
-	/**
-	 * Response mime type
-	 *
-	 * @var string
-	 */
-	protected $contentType = 'text/html';
-
 	/**
 	 * Render a basic html Template
 	 *
 	 * @param string $path
-	 * @param array $data
+	 * @param array  $data
 	 * @return string
 	 */
 	public function render_template($path, $data)

src/Ion/View/HttpView.php

@@ -12,8 +12,9 @@
 
 namespace Aviat\Ion\View;
 
-use Zend\Diactoros\Response;
 use Zend\Diactoros\Response\SapiEmitter;
+
+use Aviat\Ion\Exception\DoubleRenderException;
 use Aviat\Ion\View as BaseView;
 
 /**
@@ -21,12 +22,19 @@ use Aviat\Ion\View as BaseView;
  */
 class HttpView extends BaseView {
 
+	/**
+	 * Response mime type
+	 *
+	 * @var string
+	 */
+	protected $contentType = '';
+
 	/**
 	 * Do a redirect
 	 *
 	 * @codeCoverageIgnore
 	 * @param string $url
-	 * @param int $code
+	 * @param int    $code
 	 * @return void
 	 */
 	public function redirect($url, $code)
@@ -60,13 +68,10 @@ class HttpView extends BaseView {
 	}
 
 	/**
-	 * Send output to client
-	 *
-	 * @return void
+	 * @inheritdoc
 	 */
 	public function send()
 	{
-		$this->hasRendered = TRUE;
 		$this->output();
 	}
 
@@ -74,11 +79,17 @@ class HttpView extends BaseView {
 	 * Send the appropriate response
 	 *
 	 * @codeCoverageIgnore
+	 * @throws DoubleRenderException
 	 * @return void
 	 */
 	protected function output()
 	{
-		$this->response->withHeader('Content-type', "{$this->contentType};charset=utf-8")
+		if ($this->hasRendered)
+		{
+			throw new DoubleRenderException();
+		}
+
+		$this->response = $this->response->withHeader('Content-type', "{$this->contentType};charset=utf-8")
 			->withHeader('Content-Security-Policy', "script-src 'self'")
 			->withHeader('X-Content-Type-Options', 'nosniff')
 			->withHeader('X-XSS-Protection', '1;mode=block')
@@ -86,6 +97,7 @@ class HttpView extends BaseView {
 
 		$sender = new SapiEmitter($this->response);
 		$sender->emit($this->response);
-	}
 
+		$this->hasRendered = TRUE;
+	}
 }

src/Ion/View/JsonView.php

@@ -13,8 +13,7 @@
 namespace Aviat\Ion\View;
 
 use Aviat\Ion\Json;
-use Aviat\Ion\View\HttpView;
-use Aviat\Ion\View as BaseView;
+use Aviat\Ion\ViewInterface;
 
 /**
  * View class to serialize Json
@@ -32,7 +31,7 @@ class JsonView extends HttpView {
 	 * Set the output string
 	 *
 	 * @param mixed $string
-	 * @return BaseView
+	 * @return ViewInterface
 	 */
 	public function setOutput($string)
 	{

src/Ion/ViewInterface.php

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+<?php
+/**
+ * Ion
+ *
+ * Building blocks for web development
+ *
+ * @package     Ion
+ * @author      Timothy J. Warren
+ * @copyright   Copyright (c) 2015 - 2016
+ * @license     MIT
+ */
+
+namespace Aviat\Ion;
+
+use Aviat\Ion\Exception\DoubleRenderException;
+
+/**
+ * View Interface abstracting a Response
+ */
+interface ViewInterface {
+	/**
+	 * Return rendered output as string. Renders the view,
+	 * and any attempts to call again will result in a DoubleRenderException
+	 *
+	 * @throws DoubleRenderException
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function __toString();
+
+	/**
+	 * Set the output string
+	 *
+	 * @param string $string
+	 * @return ViewInterface
+	 */
+	public function setOutput($string);
+
+	/**
+	 * Append additional output.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $string
+	 * @return ViewInterface
+	 */
+	public function appendOutput($string);
+
+	/**
+	 * Get the current output as a string. Does not
+	 * render view or send headers.
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function getOutput();
+
+	/**
+	 * Send output to client. As it renders the view,
+	 * any attempt to call again will result in a DoubleRenderException.
+	 *
+	 * @throws DoubleRenderException
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function send();
+}

tests/Ion/Cache/CacheManagerTest.php

@@ -1,15 +1,17 @@
 <?php
 
+namespace Aviat\Ion\Tests\Cache;
+
 use Aviat\Ion\Friend;
 use Aviat\Ion\Cache\CacheManager;
 
-class CacheManagerText extends Ion_TestCase {
+class CacheManagerTest extends \Ion_TestCase {
 
 	protected $cachedTime;
 
 	public function __call($name, $args)
 	{
-		return call_user_func_array($name, $args);
+		return \call_user_func_array($name, $args);
 	}
 
 	public function setUp()

tests/Ion/Exception/DoubleRenderExceptionTest.php

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+<?php
+
+use Aviat\Ion\Exception\DoubleRenderException;
+
+class DoubleRenderExceptionTest extends Ion_TestCase {
+
+	public function testDefaultMessage()
+	{
+		$this->expectException(DoubleRenderException::class);
+		$this->expectExceptionMessage('A view can only be rendered once, because headers can only be sent once.');
+
+		throw new DoubleRenderException();
+	}
+}

tests/Ion/JsonTest.php

@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 <?php
 
+namespace Aviat\Ion\Tests;
+
 use Aviat\Ion\Json;
 use Aviat\Ion\JsonException;
 
-class JsonTest extends Ion_TestCase {
+class JsonTest extends \Ion_TestCase {
 
 	public function testEncode()
 	{

tests/Ion/View/HtmlViewTest.php

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <?php
 
-include_once __DIR__ . "/HttpViewTest.php";
+namespace Aviat\Ion\Tests\View;
 
 class HtmlViewTest extends HttpViewTest {
 
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ class HtmlViewTest extends HttpViewTest {
 	public function setUp()
 	{
 		parent::setUp();
-		$this->view = new TestHtmlView($this->container);
+		$this->view = new \TestHtmlView($this->container);
 	}
 
 	public function testRenderTemplate()

tests/Ion/View/HttpViewTest.php

@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
 <?php
 
-use Aviat\Ion\Friend;
+namespace Aviat\Ion\Tests\View;
 
-class HttpViewTest extends Ion_TestCase {
+use Aviat\Ion\Friend;
+use Aviat\Ion\Exception\DoubleRenderException;
+
+class HttpViewTest extends \Ion_TestCase {
 
 	protected $view;
 	protected $friend;
@@ -10,7 +13,7 @@ class HttpViewTest extends Ion_TestCase {
 	public function setUp()
 	{
 		parent::setUp();
-		$this->view = new TestHttpView($this->container);
+		$this->view = new \TestHttpView($this->container);
 		$this->friend = new Friend($this->view);
 	}
 
@@ -43,4 +46,28 @@ class HttpViewTest extends Ion_TestCase {
 		$view = $this->view->setStatusCode(404);
 		$this->assertEquals(404, $view->response->getStatusCode());
 	}
+
+	public function testSendDoubleRenderException()
+	{
+		$this->expectException(DoubleRenderException::class);
+		$this->expectExceptionMessage('A view can only be rendered once, because headers can only be sent once.');
+
+		// First render
+		$this->view->__toString();
+
+		// Second render
+		$this->view->send();
+	}
+
+	public function test__toStringDoubleRenderException()
+	{
+		$this->expectException(DoubleRenderException::class);
+		$this->expectExceptionMessage('A view can only be rendered once, because headers can only be sent once.');
+
+		// First render
+		$this->view->send();
+
+		// Second render
+		$this->view->__toString();
+	}
 }

tests/Ion/View/JsonViewTest.php

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 <?php
 
-use Aviat\Ion\Friend;
+namespace Aviat\Ion\Tests\View;
 
-include_once __DIR__ . "/HttpViewTest.php";
+use Aviat\Ion\Friend;
 
 class JsonViewTest extends HttpViewTest {
 
@@ -10,14 +10,14 @@ class JsonViewTest extends HttpViewTest {
 	{
 		parent::setUp();
 
-		$this->view = new TestJsonView($this->container);
+		$this->view = new \TestJsonView($this->container);
 		$this->friend = new Friend($this->view);
 	}
 
 	public function testSetOutputJSON()
 	{
 		// Extend view class to remove destructor which does output
-		$view = new TestJsonView($this->container);
+		$view = new \TestJsonView($this->container);
 
 		// Json encode non-string
 		$content = ['foo' => 'bar'];
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ class JsonViewTest extends HttpViewTest {
 	public function testSetOutput()
 	{
 		// Directly set string
-		$view = new TestJsonView($this->container);
+		$view = new \TestJsonView($this->container);
 		$content = '{}';
 		$expected = '{}';
 		$view->setOutput($content);

tests/bootstrap.php

@@ -35,30 +35,13 @@ require 'Ion_TestCase.php';
 // Composer autoload
 require __DIR__ . '/../vendor/autoload.php';
 
-/**
- * Set up autoloaders
- *
- * @codeCoverageIgnore
- * @return void
- */
-spl_autoload_register(function ($class) {
-	$class_parts = explode('\\', $class);
-	$ns_path = realpath(__DIR__ . '/../src') . '/' . implode('/', $class_parts) . ".php";
-
-	if (file_exists($ns_path))
-	{
-		require_once($ns_path);
-		return;
-	}
-});
-
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Ini Settings
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 ini_set('session.use_cookies', 0);
 ini_set("session.use_only_cookies",0);
 ini_set("session.use_trans_sid",1);
-// Start session here to supress error about headers not sent
+// Start session here to surpress error about headers not sent
 session_start();
 
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

tests/mocks.php

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
  */
 
 use Aviat\Ion\Enum;
+use Aviat\Ion\Exception\DoubleRenderException;
 use Aviat\Ion\Friend;
 use Aviat\Ion\Transformer\AbstractTransformer;
 use Aviat\Ion\View;
@@ -70,7 +71,7 @@ class TestTransformer extends AbstractTransformer {
 }
 
 trait MockViewOutputTrait {
-	protected function output() {
+	/*protected function output() {
 		$reflect = new ReflectionClass($this);
 		$properties = $reflect->getProperties();
 		$props = [];
@@ -88,31 +89,69 @@ trait MockViewOutputTrait {
 			$friend->__set($name, $val);
 		}
 
-		$friend->output();
+		//$friend->output();
+	}*/
+
+	public function send()
+	{
+		if ($this->hasRendered)
+		{
+			throw new DoubleRenderException();
+		}
+
+		$this->hasRendered = TRUE;
 	}
 }
 
 class TestView extends View {
-	public function send() {}
-	protected function output()
+	public function send()
 	{
-		/*$content =& $this->response->content;
-		$content->set($this->output);
-		$content->setType($this->contentType);
-		$content->setCharset('utf-8');*/
+		if ($this->hasRendered)
+		{
+			throw new DoubleRenderException();
+		}
+
+		$this->hasRendered = TRUE;
 	}
+	public function output() {}
 }
 
 class TestHtmlView extends HtmlView {
-	use MockViewOutputTrait;
+	protected function output()
+	{
+		if ($this->hasRendered)
+		{
+			throw new DoubleRenderException();
+		}
+
+		$this->hasRendered = TRUE;
+	}
 }
 
 class TestHttpView extends HttpView {
-	use MockViewOutputTrait;
+	protected function output()
+	{
+		if ($this->hasRendered)
+		{
+			throw new DoubleRenderException();
+		}
+
+		$this->hasRendered = TRUE;
+	}
 }
 
 class TestJsonView extends JsonView {
 	public function __destruct() {}
+
+	protected function output()
+	{
+		if ($this->hasRendered)
+		{
+			throw new DoubleRenderException();
+		}
+
+		$this->hasRendered = TRUE;
+	}
 }
 
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------