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Query/classes/query_builder.php

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<?php
/**
* Query
*
* Free Query Builder / Database Abstraction Layer
*
* @package Query
* @author Timothy J. Warren
* @copyright Copyright (c) 2012
* @link https://github.com/aviat4ion/Query
* @license http://philsturgeon.co.uk/code/dbad-license
*/
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Convienience class for creating sql queries - also the class that
* instantiates the specific db driver
*
* @package Query
* @subpackage Query
*/
class Query_Builder {
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ! SQL Clause Strings
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Compiled 'select' clause
*
* @var string
*/
private $select_string;
/**
* Compiled 'from' clause
*
* @var string
*/
private $from_string;
/**
* Compiled arguments for insert / update
*
* @var string
*/
private $set_string;
/**
* Order by clause
*
* @var string
*/
private $order_string;
/**
* Group by clause
*
* @var string
*/
private $group_string;
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ! SQL Clause Arrays
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Keys for insert/update statement
*
* @var array
*/
private $set_array_keys;
/**
* Key/val pairs for order by clause
*
* @var array
*/
private $order_array;
/**
* Key/val pairs for group by clause
*
* @var array
*/
private $group_array;
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ! Other Class vars
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Values to apply to prepared statements
*
* @var array
*/
private $values;
/**
* Value for limit string
*
* @var int
*/
private $limit;
/**
* Value for offset in limit string
*
* @var int
*/
private $offset;
/**
* Alias to $this->db->sql
*
* @var DB_PDO
*/
private $sql;
/**
* Query component order mapping
* for complex select queries
*
* Format:
*
* array(
* 'type' => 'where',
* 'conjunction' => ' AND ',
* 'string' => 'k=?'
* )
*
* @var array
*/
private $query_map;
/**
* Map for having clause
*
* @var array
*/
private $having_map;
/**
* Convenience property for connection management
*
* @var string
*/
public $conn_name = "";
/**
* Constructor
*
* @param object $params - the connection parametere
*/
public function __construct($params)
{
// Convert array to object
if (is_array($params))
{
$p = new ArrayObject($params);
$params = $p;
}
// Let the connection work with 'conn_db' or 'database'
if (isset($params->database))
{
$params->conn_db = $params->database;
}
$params->type = strtolower($params->type);
$dbtype = ($params->type !== 'postgresql') ? $params->type : 'pgsql';
// Create the dsn for the database to connect to
switch($dbtype)
{
default:
$dsn = "dbname={$params->conn_db}";
if ( ! empty($params->host))
{
$dsn .= ";host={$params->host}";
}
if ( ! empty($params->port))
{
$dsn .= ";port={$params->port}";
}
break;
case "sqlite":
$dsn = $params->file;
break;
case "firebird":
$dsn = "{$params->host}:{$params->file}";
break;
}
// Create the database connection
if ( ! empty($params->user))
{
$this->db = new $dbtype($dsn, $params->user, $params->pass);
}
else
{
$this->db = new $dbtype($dsn);
}
// Set the connection name property, if applicable
if (isset($params->name))
{
$this->conn_name = $params->name;
}
// Make things just slightly shorter
$this->sql =& $this->db->sql;
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ! Select Queries
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Specifies rows to select in a query
*
* @param string $fields
* @return $this
*/
public function select($fields)
{
// Split fields by comma
$fields_array = explode(",", $fields);
$fields_array = array_map('trim', $fields_array);
// Split on 'As'
foreach ($fields_array as $key => $field)
{
if (stripos($field, 'as') !== FALSE)
{
$fields_array[$key] = preg_split('`as`i', $field);
$fields_array[$key] = array_map('trim', $fields_array[$key]);
}
}
// Quote the identifiers
$safe_array = array_map(array($this->db, 'quote_ident'), $fields_array);
unset($fields_array);
// Join the strings back together
for($i = 0, $c = count($safe_array); $i < $c; $i++)
{
if (is_array($safe_array[$i]))
{
$safe_array[$i] = implode(' AS ', $safe_array[$i]);
}
}
$this->select_string .= implode(', ', $safe_array);
unset($safe_array);
return $this;
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Method to simplify select_ methods
*
* @param string $field
* @param string $as
* @return string
*/
private function _select($field, $as = FALSE)
{
// Escape the identifiers
$field = $this->quote_ident($field);
$as = ($as !== FALSE)
? $this->quote_ident($as)
: $field;
return "({$field}) AS {$as} ";
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Selects the maximum value of a field from a query
*
* @param string $field
* @param string $as
* @return $this
*/
public function select_max($field, $as=FALSE)
{
// Create the select string
$this->select_string .= $this->sql->max().$this->_select($field, $as);
return $this;
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Selects the minimum value of a field from a query
*
* @param string $field
* @param string $as
* @return $this
*/
public function select_min($field, $as=FALSE)
{
// Create the select string
$this->select_string .= $this->sql->min().$this->_select($field, $as);
return $this;
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Selects the average value of a field from a query
*
* @param string $field
* @param string $as
* @return $this
*/
public function select_avg($field, $as=FALSE)
{
// Create the select string
$this->select_string .= $this->sql->avg().$this->_select($field, $as);
return $this;
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Selects the sum of a field from a query
*
* @param string $field
* @param string $as
* @return $this
*/
public function select_sum($field, $as=FALSE)
{
// Create the select string
$this->select_string .= $this->sql->sum().$this->_select($field, $as);
return $this;
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Adds the 'distinct' keyword to a query
*
* @return $this
*/
public function distinct()
{
// Prepend the keyword to the select string
$this->select_string = $this->sql->distinct() . $this->select_string;
return $this;
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Specify the database table to select from
*
* @param string $dbname
* @return $this
*/
public function from($dbname)
{
// Split identifiers on spaces
$ident_array = explode(' ', trim($dbname));
$ident_array = array_map('trim', $ident_array);
// Quote the identifiers
$ident_array = array_map(array($this->db, 'quote_ident'), $ident_array);
// Paste it back together
$this->from_string = implode(' ', $ident_array);
return $this;
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ! 'Like' methods
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Simplify 'like' methods
*
* @param string $field
* @param mixed $val
* @param string $pos
* @param string $like
* @param string $conj
* @return $this
*/
private function _like($field, $val, $pos, $like='LIKE', $conj='AND')
{
$field = $this->quote_ident($field);
// Add the like string into the order map
$l = $field. " {$like} ?";
if ($pos == 'before')
{
$val = "%{$val}";
}
elseif ($pos == 'after')
{
$val = "{$val}%";
}
else
{
$val = "%{$val}%";
}
$this->query_map[] = array(
'type' => 'like',
'conjunction' => (empty($this->query_map)) ? ' WHERE ' : " {$conj} ",
'string' => $l
);
// Add to the values array
$this->values[] = $val;
return $this;
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Creates a Like clause in the sql statement
*
* @param string $field
* @param mixed $val
* @param string $pos
* @return $this
*/
public function like($field, $val, $pos='both')
{
return $this->_like($field, $val, $pos, 'LIKE', 'AND');
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Generates an OR Like clause
*
* @param string $field
* @param mixed $val
* @param string $pos
* @return $this
*/
public function or_like($field, $val, $pos='both')
{
return $this->_like($field, $val, $pos, 'LIKE', 'OR');
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Generates a NOT LIKE clause
*
* @param string $field
* @param mixed $val
* @param string $pos
* @return $this
*/
public function not_like($field, $val, $pos='both')
{
return $this->_like($field, $val, $pos, 'NOT LIKE', 'AND');
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Generates a OR NOT LIKE clause
*
* @param string $field
* @param mixed $val
* @param string $pos
* @return $this
*/
public function or_not_like($field, $val, $pos='both')
{
return $this->_like($field, $val, $pos, 'NOT LIKE', 'OR');
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ! Having methods
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Simplify building having clauses
*
* @param mixed $key
* @param mixed $val
* @param string $conj
* @return $this
*/
private function _having($key, $val=array(), $conj='AND')
{
$where = $this->_where($key, $val);
// Create key/value placeholders
foreach($where as $f => $val)
{
// Split each key by spaces, in case there
// is an operator such as >, <, !=, etc.
$f_array = explode(' ', trim($f));
$item = $this->quote_ident($f_array[0]);
// Simple key value, or an operator
$item .= (count($f_array) === 1) ? '= ?' : " {$f_array[1]} ?";
// Put in the query map for select statements
$this->having_map[] = array(
'conjunction' => ( ! empty($this->having_map)) ? " {$conj} " : ' HAVING ',
'string' => $item
);
}
return $this;
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Generates a 'Having' clause
*
* @param mixed $key
* @param mixed $val
* @return $this
*/
public function having($key, $val=array())
{
return $this->_having($key, $val, 'AND');
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Generates a 'Having' clause prefixed with 'OR'
*
* @param mixed $key
* @param mixed $val
* @return $this
*/
public function or_having($key, $val=array())
{
return $this->_having($key, $val, 'OR');
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ! 'Where' methods
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Do all the repeditive stuff for where/having type methods
*
* @param mixed $key
* @param mixed $val
* @return array
*/
private function _where($key, $val=array())
{
$where = array();
// Key and value passed? Add them to the where array
if (is_scalar($key) && is_scalar($val))
{
$where[$key] = $val;
$this->values[] = $val;
}
// Array or object, loop through and add to the where array
elseif ( ! is_scalar($key))
{
foreach($key as $k => $v)
{
$where[$k] = $v;
$this->values[] = $v;
}
}
return $where;
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Simplify generating where string
*
* @param mixed $key
* @param mixed $val
* @param string $conj
* @return $this
*/
private function _where_string($key, $val=array(), $conj='AND')
{
$where = $this->_where($key, $val);
// Create key/value placeholders
foreach($where as $f => $val)
{
// Split each key by spaces, in case there
// is an operator such as >, <, !=, etc.
$f_array = explode(' ', trim($f));
$item = $this->quote_ident($f_array[0]);
// Simple key value, or an operator
$item .= (count($f_array) === 1) ? '= ?' : " {$f_array[1]} ?";
// Put in the query map for select statements
$this->query_map[] = array(
'type' => 'where',
'conjunction' => ( ! empty($this->query_map)) ? " {$conj} " : ' WHERE ',
'string' => $item
);
}
return $this;
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Simplify where_in methods
*
* @param mixed $key
* @param mixed $val
* @param string
* @param string
* @return $this
*/
private function _where_in($key, $val=array(), $in='IN', $conj='AND')
{
$key = $this->quote_ident($key);
$params = array_fill(0, count($val), '?');
foreach($val as $v)
{
$this->values[] = $v;
}
$string = $key . " {$in} ".implode(',', $params).') ';
$this->query_map[] = array(
'type' => 'where_in',
'conjunction' => ( ! empty($this->query_map)) ? " {$conj} " : ' WHERE ',
'string' => $string
);
return $this;
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Specify condition(s) in the where clause of a query
* Note: this function works with key / value, or a
* passed array with key / value pairs
*
* @param mixed $key
* @param mixed $val
* @return $this
*/
public function where($key, $val=array())
{
return $this->_where_string($key, $val, 'AND');
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Where clause prefixed with "OR"
*
* @param string $key
* @param mixed $val
* @return $this
*/
public function or_where($key, $val=array())
{
return $this->_where_string($key, $val, 'OR');
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Where clause with 'IN' statement
*
* @param mixed $field
* @param mixed $val
* @return $this
*/
public function where_in($field, $val=array())
{
return $this->_where_in($field, $val);
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Where in statement prefixed with "or"
*
* @param string $field
* @param mixed $val
* @return $this
*/
public function or_where_in($field, $val=array())
{
return $this->_where_in($field, $val, 'IN', 'OR');
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* WHERE NOT IN (FOO) clause
*
* @param string $field
* @param mixed $val
* @return $this
*/
public function where_not_in($field, $val=array())
{
return $this->_where_in($field, $val, 'NOT IN', 'AND');
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* OR WHERE NOT IN (FOO) clause
*
* @param string $field
* @param mixed $val
* @return $this
*/
public function or_where_not_in($field, $val=array())
{
return $this->_where_in($field, $val, 'NOT IN', 'OR');
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ! Other Query Modifier methods
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Sets values for inserts / updates / deletes
*
* @param mixed $key
* @param mixed $val
* @return $this
*/
public function set($key, $val = NULL)
{
// Plain key, value pair
if (is_scalar($key) && is_scalar($val))
{
$this->set_array_keys[] = $key;
$this->values[] = $val;
}
// Object or array
elseif ( ! is_scalar($key))
{
foreach($key as $k => $v)
{
$this->set_array_keys[] = $k;
$this->values[] = $v;
}
}
// Use the keys of the array to make the insert/update string
// Escape the field names
$this->set_array_keys = array_map(array($this->db, 'quote_ident'), $this->set_array_keys);
// Generate the "set" string
$this->set_string = implode('=?, ', $this->set_array_keys);
$this->set_string .= '=?';
return $this;
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Creates a join phrase in a compiled query
*
* @param string $table
* @param string $condition
* @param string $type
* @return $this
*/
public function join($table, $condition, $type='')
{
// @todo make able to handle operators without spaces
$table = implode(" ", array_map(array($this->db, 'quote_ident'), explode(' ', trim($table))));
//$condition = preg_replace('`(\W)`', " $1 ", $condition);
$cond_array = explode(' ', trim($condition));
$cond_array = array_map('trim', $cond_array);
$condition = $table . ' ON ' . $this->quote_ident($cond_array[0]) . $cond_array[1] .
' ' . $this->quote_ident($cond_array[2]);
$this->query_map[] = array(
'type' => 'join',
'conjunction' => strtoupper($type).' JOIN ',
'string' => $condition,
);
return $this;
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Group the results by the selected field(s)
*
* @param mixed $field
* @return $this
*/
public function group_by($field)
{
if ( ! is_scalar($field))
{
$this->group_array = array_map(array($this->db, 'quote_ident'), $field);
}
else
{
$this->group_array[] = $this->quote_ident($field);
}
$this->group_string = ' GROUP BY ' . implode(', ', $this->group_array);
return $this;
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Order the results by the selected field(s)
*
* @param string $field
* @param string $type
* @return $this
*/
public function order_by($field, $type="")
{
// Random case
if (stripos($type, 'rand') !== FALSE)
{
$type = (($rand = $this->sql->random()) !== FALSE ) ? $rand : 'ASC';
}
// Set fields for later manipulation
$field = $this->quote_ident($field);
$this->order_array[$field] = $type;
$order_clauses = array();
// Flatten key/val pairs into an array of space-separated pairs
foreach($this->order_array as $k => $v)
{
$order_clauses[] = $k . ' ' . strtoupper($v);
}
// Set the final string
$this->order_string = (empty($rand))
? ' ORDER BY '.implode(',', $order_clauses)
: ' ORDER BY'.$rand;
return $this;
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Set a limit on the current sql statement
*
* @param int $limit
* @param int $offset
* @return string
*/
public function limit($limit, $offset=FALSE)
{
$this->limit = $limit;
$this->offset = $offset;
return $this;
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ! Query Grouping Methods
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Adds a paren to the current query for query grouping
*
* @return $this
*/
public function group_start()
{
$this->query_map[] = array(
'type' => 'group_start',
'conjunction' => '',
'string' => ' ('
);
return $this;
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Adds a paren to the current query for query grouping,
* prefixed with 'OR'
*
* @return $this
*/
public function or_group_start()
{
$this->query_map[] = array(
'type' => 'group_start',
'conjunction' => '',
'string' => ' OR ('
);
return $this;
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Adds a paren to the current query for query grouping,
* prefixed with 'OR NOT'
*
* @return $this
*/
public function or_not_group_start()
{
$this->query_map[] = array(
'type' => 'group_start',
'conjunction' => '',
'string' => ' OR NOT ('
);
return $this;
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Ends a query group
*
* @return $this
*/
public function group_end()
{
$this->query_map[] = array(
'type' => 'group_end',
'conjunction' => '',
'string' => ' ) '
);
return $this;
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ! Query execution methods
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Select and retrieve all records from the current table, and/or
* execute current compiled query
*
* @param $table
* @param int $limit
* @param int $offset
* @return object
*/
public function get($table='', $limit=FALSE, $offset=FALSE)
{
// Set the table
if ( ! empty($table))
{
$this->from($table);
}
// Set the limit, if it exists
if ($limit !== FALSE)
{
$this->limit($limit, $offset);
}
$sql = $this->_compile();
// Do prepared statements for anything involving a "where" clause
if ( ! empty($this->query_map) || ! empty($this->having_map))
{
$result = $this->prepare_execute($sql, $this->values);
}
else
{
// Otherwise, a simple query will do.
$result = $this->query($sql);
}
// Reset for next query
$this->_reset();
return $result;
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Convience method for get() with a where clause
*
* @param string $table
* @param array $where
* @param int $limit
* @param int $offset
* @return object
*/
public function get_where($table, $where=array(), $limit=FALSE, $offset=FALSE)
{
// Create the where clause
$this->where($where);
// Return the result
return $this->get($table, $limit, $offset);
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Retreive the number of rows in the selected table
*
* @param string $table
* @return int
*/
public function count_all($table)
{
$sql = 'SELECT * FROM '.$this->quote_ident($table);
$res = $this->query($sql);
return (int) count($res->fetchAll());
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Retrieve the number of results for the generated query - used
* in place of the get() method
*
* @param string $table
* @return int
*/
public function count_all_results($table='')
{
// Set the table
if ( ! empty($table))
{
$this->from($table);
}
$sql = $this->_compile();
// Do prepared statements for anything involving a "where" clause
if ( ! empty($this->query_map))
{
$result = $this->prepare_execute($sql, $this->values);
}
else
{
// Otherwise, a simple query will do.
$result = $this->query($sql);
}
// Reset for next query
$this->_reset();
$rows = $result->fetchAll();
return (int) count($rows);
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Creates an insert clause, and executes it
*
* @param string $table
* @param mixed $data
* @return mixed
*/
public function insert($table, $data=array())
{
// No use duplicating logic!
if ( ! empty($data))
{
$this->set($data);
}
$sql = $this->_compile("insert", $table);
$res = $this->prepare_execute($sql, $this->values);
$this->_reset();
return $res;
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Creates an update clause, and executes it
*
* @param string $table
* @param mixed $data
* @return mixed
*/
public function update($table, $data=array())
{
// No use duplicating logic!
if ( ! empty($data))
{
$this->set($data);
}
$sql = $this->_compile('update', $table);
$res = $this->prepare_execute($sql, $this->values);
$this->_reset();
// Run the query
return $res;
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Deletes data from a table
*
* @param string $table
* @param mixed $where
* @return mixed
*/
public function delete($table, $where='')
{
// Set the where clause
if ( ! empty($where))
{
$this->where($where);
}
// Create the SQL and parameters
$sql = $this->_compile("delete", $table);
$res = $this->prepare_execute($sql, $this->values);
$this->_reset();
// Delete the table rows, and return the result
return $res;
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ! Miscellaneous Methods
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Calls a function further down the inheritence chain
*
* @param string $name
* @param array $params
* @return mixed
*/
public function __call($name, $params)
{
if (method_exists($this->db, $name))
{
return call_user_func_array(array($this->db, $name), $params);
}
return NULL;
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Clear out the class variables, so the next query can be run
*
* @return void
*/
private function _reset()
{
// Only unset class variables that
// are not callable. Otherwise, we'll
// delete class methods!
foreach($this as $name => $var)
{
// Skip properties that are needed for every query
if (in_array($name, array(
'db',
'sql'
)))
{
continue;
}
// Nothing query-generation related is safe!
if ( ! is_callable($this->$name))
{
$this->$name = NULL;
}
// Set empty arrays
$this->values = array();
// Set select string as an empty string, for proper handling
// of the 'distinct' keyword
$this->select_string = '';
}
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* String together the sql statements for sending to the db
*
* @param string $type
* @param string $table
* @return $string
*/
private function _compile($type='', $table='')
{
$sql = '';
$table = $this->quote_ident($table);
switch($type)
{
default:
$sql = "SELECT * FROM {$this->from_string}";
// Set the select string
if ( ! empty($this->select_string))
{
// Replace the star with the selected fields
$sql = str_replace('*', $this->select_string, $sql);
}
// Set the where string
if ( ! empty($this->query_map))
{
foreach($this->query_map as $q)
{
$sql .= $q['conjunction'] . $q['string'];
}
}
// Set the group_by string
if ( ! empty($this->group_string))
{
$sql .= $this->group_string;
}
// Set the having string
if ( ! empty($this->having_map))
{
foreach($this->having_map as $h)
{
$sql .= $h['conjunction'] . $h['string'];
}
}
// Set the order_by string
if ( ! empty($this->order_string))
{
$sql .= $this->order_string;
}
// Set the limit via the class variables
if (isset($this->limit) && is_numeric($this->limit))
{
$sql = $this->sql->limit($sql, $this->limit, $this->offset);
}
break;
case "insert":
$param_count = count($this->set_array_keys);
$params = array_fill(0, $param_count, '?');
$sql = "INSERT INTO {$table} ("
. implode(', ', $this->set_array_keys) .
') VALUES ('.implode(', ', $params).')';
break;
case "update":
$sql = "UPDATE {$table} SET {$this->set_string}";
// Set the where string
if ( ! empty($this->query_map))
{
foreach($this->query_map as $q)
{
$sql .= $q['conjunction'] . $q['string'];
}
}
break;
case "delete":
$sql = "DELETE FROM {$table}";
// Set the where string
if ( ! empty($this->query_map))
{
foreach($this->query_map as $q)
{
$sql .= $q['conjunction'] . $q['string'];
}
}
break;
}
//echo $sql . '<br />';
return $sql;
}
}
// End of query_builder.php
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