352 lines
14 KiB
HTML
352 lines
14 KiB
HTML
<html>
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<head>
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
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<title>SimpleTest documentation for testing HTML forms</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="docs.css" title="Styles">
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</head>
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<body>
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<div class="menu_back"><div class="menu">
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<a href="index.html">SimpleTest</a>
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<a href="overview.html">Overview</a>
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<a href="unit_test_documentation.html">Unit tester</a>
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<a href="group_test_documentation.html">Group tests</a>
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<a href="partial_mocks_documentation.html">Partial mocks</a>
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<a href="reporter_documentation.html">Reporting</a>
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<a href="expectation_documentation.html">Expectations</a>
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<a href="web_tester_documentation.html">Web tester</a>
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<span class="chosen">Testing forms</span>
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<a href="authentication_documentation.html">Authentication</a>
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<a href="browser_documentation.html">Scriptable browser</a>
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</div></div>
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<h1>Form testing documentation</h1>
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This page...
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<ul>
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<li>
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Changing form values and successfully
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<a href="#submit">Submitting a simple form</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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Handling <a href="#multiple">widgets with multiple values</a>
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by setting lists.
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</li>
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<li>
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Bypassing javascript to <a href="#hidden-field">set a hidden field</a>.
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="#raw">Raw posting</a> when you don't have a button
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to click.
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</li>
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</ul>
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<div class="content">
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<h2>
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<a class="target" name="submit"></a>Submitting a simple form</h2>
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<p>
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When a page is fetched by the <span class="new_code">WebTestCase</span>
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using <span class="new_code">get()</span> or
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<span class="new_code">post()</span> the page content is
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automatically parsed.
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This results in any form controls that are inside <form> tags
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being available from within the test case.
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For example, if we have this snippet of HTML...
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<pre>
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<form>
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<input type="text" name="a" value="A default" />
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<input type="submit" value="Go" />
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</form>
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</pre>
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Which looks like this...
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</p>
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<p>
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<form class="demo">
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<input type="text" name="a" value="A default">
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<input type="submit" value="Go">
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</form>
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</p>
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<p>
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We can navigate to this code, via the
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<a href="http://www.lastcraft.com/form_testing_documentation.php">LastCraft</a>
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site, with the following test...
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<pre>
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class SimpleFormTests extends WebTestCase {<strong>
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function testDefaultValue() {
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$this->get('http://www.lastcraft.com/form_testing_documentation.php');
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$this->assertField('a', 'A default');
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}</strong>
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}
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</pre>
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Immediately after loading the page all of the HTML controls are set at
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their default values just as they would appear in the web browser.
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The assertion tests that a HTML widget exists in the page with the
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name "a" and that it is currently set to the value
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"A default".
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As usual, we could use a pattern expectation instead of a fixed
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string.
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<pre>
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class SimpleFormTests extends WebTestCase {
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function testDefaultValue() {
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$this->get('http://www.lastcraft.com/form_testing_documentation.php');
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$this->assertField('a', <strong>new PatternExpectation('/default/')</strong>);
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}
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}
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</pre>
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We could submit the form straight away, but first we'll change
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the value of the text field and only then submit it...
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<pre>
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class SimpleFormTests extends WebTestCase {
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function testDefaultValue() {
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$this->get('http://www.my-site.com/');
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$this->assertField('a', 'A default');<strong>
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$this->setField('a', 'New value');
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$this->click('Go');</strong>
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}
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}
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</pre>
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Because we didn't specify a method attribute on the form tag, and
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didn't specify an action either, the test case will follow
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the usual browser behaviour of submitting the form data as a <em>GET</em>
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request back to the same location.
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In general SimpleTest tries to emulate typical browser behaviour as much as possible,
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rather than attempting to catch any form of HTML omission.
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This is because the target of the testing framework is the PHP application
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logic, not syntax or other errors in the HTML code.
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For HTML errors, other tools such as
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<a href="http://www.w3.org/People/Raggett/tidy/">HTMLTidy</a> should be used,
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or any of the HTML and CSS validators already out there.
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</p>
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<p>
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If a field is not present in any form, or if an option is unavailable,
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then <span class="new_code">WebTestCase::setField()</span> will return
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<span class="new_code">false</span>.
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For example, suppose we wish to verify that a "Superuser"
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option is not present in this form...
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<pre>
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<strong>Select type of user to add:</strong>
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<select name="type">
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<option>Subscriber</option>
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<option>Author</option>
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<option>Administrator</option>
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</select>
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</pre>
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Which looks like...
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</p>
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<p>
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<form class="demo">
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<strong>Select type of user to add:</strong>
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<select name="type">
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<option>Subscriber</option>
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<option>Author</option>
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<option>Administrator</option>
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</select>
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</form>
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</p>
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<p>
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The following test will confirm it...
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<pre>
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class SimpleFormTests extends WebTestCase {
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...
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function testNoSuperuserChoiceAvailable() {<strong>
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$this->get('http://www.lastcraft.com/form_testing_documentation.php');
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$this->assertFalse($this->setField('type', 'Superuser'));</strong>
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}
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}
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</pre>
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The current selection will not be changed if the new value is not an option.
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</p>
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<p>
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Here is the full list of widgets currently supported...
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<ul>
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<li>Text fields, including hidden and password fields.</li>
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<li>Submit buttons including the button tag, although not yet reset buttons</li>
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<li>Text area. This includes text wrapping behaviour.</li>
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<li>Checkboxes, including multiple checkboxes in the same form.</li>
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<li>Drop down selections, including multiple selects.</li>
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<li>Radio buttons.</li>
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<li>Images.</li>
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</ul>
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</p>
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<p>
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The browser emulation offered by SimpleTest mimics
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the actions which can be perform by a user on a
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standard HTML page. Javascript is not supported, and
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it's unlikely that support will be added any time
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soon.
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</p>
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<p>
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Of particular note is that the Javascript idiom of
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passing form results by setting a hidden field cannot
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be performed using the normal SimpleTest
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commands. See below for a way to test such forms.
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</p>
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<h2>
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<a class="target" name="multiple"></a>Fields with multiple values</h2>
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<p>
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SimpleTest can cope with two types of multivalue controls: Multiple
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selection drop downs, and multiple checkboxes with the same name
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within a form.
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The multivalue nature of these means that setting and testing
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are slightly different.
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Using checkboxes as an example...
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<pre>
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<form class="demo">
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<strong>Create privileges allowed:</strong>
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<input type="checkbox" name="crud" value="c" checked><br>
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<strong>Retrieve privileges allowed:</strong>
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<input type="checkbox" name="crud" value="r" checked><br>
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<strong>Update privileges allowed:</strong>
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<input type="checkbox" name="crud" value="u" checked><br>
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<strong>Destroy privileges allowed:</strong>
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<input type="checkbox" name="crud" value="d" checked><br>
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<input type="submit" value="Enable Privileges">
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</form>
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</pre>
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Which renders as...
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</p>
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<p>
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<form class="demo">
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<strong>Create privileges allowed:</strong>
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<input type="checkbox" name="crud" value="c" checked><br>
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<strong>Retrieve privileges allowed:</strong>
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<input type="checkbox" name="crud" value="r" checked><br>
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<strong>Update privileges allowed:</strong>
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<input type="checkbox" name="crud" value="u" checked><br>
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<strong>Destroy privileges allowed:</strong>
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<input type="checkbox" name="crud" value="d" checked><br>
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<input type="submit" value="Enable Privileges">
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</form>
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</p>
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<p>
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If we wish to disable all but the retrieval privileges and
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submit this information we can do it like this...
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<pre>
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class SimpleFormTests extends WebTestCase {
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...<strong>
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function testDisableNastyPrivileges() {
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$this->get('http://www.lastcraft.com/form_testing_documentation.php');
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$this->assertField('crud', array('c', 'r', 'u', 'd'));
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$this->setField('crud', array('r'));
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$this->click('Enable Privileges');
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}</strong>
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}
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</pre>
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Instead of setting the field to a single value, we give it a list
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of values.
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We do the same when testing expected values.
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We can then write other test code to confirm the effect of this, perhaps
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by logging in as that user and attempting an update.
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</p>
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<h2>
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<a class="target" name="hidden-field"></a>Forms which use javascript to set a hidden field</h2>
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<p>
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If you want to test a form which relies on javascript to set a hidden
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field, you can't just call setField().
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The following code will <em>not</em> work:
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<pre>
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class SimpleFormTests extends WebTestCase {
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function testEmulateMyJavascriptForm() {
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<strong>// This does *not* work</strong>
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$this->setField('a_hidden_field', '123');
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$this->clickSubmit('OK');
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}
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}
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</pre>
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Instead, you need to pass the additional form parameters to the
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clickSubmit() method:
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<pre>
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class SimpleFormTests extends WebTestCase {
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function testMyJavascriptForm() {
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<strong>$this->clickSubmit('OK', array('a_hidden_field'=>'123'));</strong>
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}
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}
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</pre>
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Bear in mind that in doing this you're effectively stubbing out a
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part of your software (the javascript code in the form), and
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perhaps you might be better off using something like
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<a href="http://selenium.openqa.org/">Selenium</a> to ensure a complete
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test.
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</p>
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<h2>
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<a class="target" name="raw"></a>Raw posting</h2>
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<p>
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If you want to test a form handler, but have not yet written
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or do not have access to the form itself, you can create a
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form submission by hand.
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<pre>
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class SimpleFormTests extends WebTestCase {
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...<strong>
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function testAttemptedHack() {
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$this->post(
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'http://www.my-site.com/add_user.php',
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array('type' => 'superuser'));
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$this->assertNoText('user created');
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}</strong>
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}
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</pre>
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By adding data to the <span class="new_code">WebTestCase::post()</span>
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method, we are emulating a form submission.
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You would normally only do this as a temporary expedient, or where
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you are expecting a 3rd party to submit to a form.
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The exception is when you want tests to protect you from
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attempts to spoof your pages.
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</p>
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</div>
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References and related information...
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<ul>
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<li>
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SimpleTest project page on <a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/simpletest/">SourceForge</a>.
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</li>
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<li>
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SimpleTest download page on <a href="http://www.lastcraft.com/simple_test.php">LastCraft</a>.
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</li>
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<li>
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The <a href="http://simpletest.org/api/">developer's API for SimpleTest</a>
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gives full detail on the classes and assertions available.
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</li>
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</ul>
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<div class="menu_back"><div class="menu">
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<a href="index.html">SimpleTest</a>
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<a href="overview.html">Overview</a>
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<a href="group_test_documentation.html">Group tests</a>
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<a href="mock_objects_documentation.html">Mock objects</a>
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<a href="partial_mocks_documentation.html">Partial mocks</a>
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<a href="reporter_documentation.html">Reporting</a>
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<a href="expectation_documentation.html">Expectations</a>
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<a href="web_tester_documentation.html">Web tester</a>
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<span class="chosen">Testing forms</span>
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<a href="authentication_documentation.html">Authentication</a>
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<a href="browser_documentation.html">Scriptable browser</a>
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</div></div>
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<div class="copyright">
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Copyright<br>Marcus Baker 2006
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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