composer.json

@@ -34,14 +34,14 @@
   "require-dev": {
 	"consolidation/robo": "^2.0.0",
 	"monolog/monolog": "^2.0.1",
-	"phploc/phploc": "^6.0",
+	"phploc/phploc": "^5.0",
 	"phpmd/phpmd": "^2.8",
 	"phpstan/phpstan": "^0.12.2",
-	"phpunit/phpunit": "^9.1",
-	"sebastian/phpcpd": "^5",
+	"phpunit/phpunit": "^8.5",
+	"sebastian/phpcpd": "^4.1",
 	"simpletest/simpletest": "^1.1",
 	"squizlabs/php_codesniffer": "^3.0.0",
-	"theseer/phpdox": "*"
+	"theseer/phpdox": "^0.12.0"
   },
   "autoload": {
 	"psr-4": {

src/ConnectionManager.php

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 namespace Query;
 
 use DomainException;
+use stdClass;
 
 /**
  * Connection manager class to manage connections for the
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ final class ConnectionManager {
 	 * Class instance variable
 	 * @var ConnectionManager|null
 	 */
-	private static $instance;
+	private static ?ConnectionManager $instance = NULL;
 
 	/**
 	 * Private constructor to prevent multiple instances
@@ -119,7 +120,7 @@ final class ConnectionManager {
 	/**
 	 * Parse the passed parameters and return a connection
 	 *
-	 * @param object|array $params
+	 * @param array|object $params
 	 * @throws Exception\BadDBDriverException
 	 * @return QueryBuilderInterface
 	 */
@@ -161,13 +162,13 @@ final class ConnectionManager {
 	/**
 	 * Parses params into a dsn and option array
 	 *
-	 * @param object | array $params
+	 * @param array|object $rawParams
 	 * @return array
 	 * @throws Exception\BadDBDriverException
 	 */
-	public function parseParams($params): array
+	public function parseParams($rawParams): array
 	{
-		$params = (object) $params;
+		$params = (object) $rawParams;
 		$params->type = strtolower($params->type);
 		$dbType = ($params->type === 'postgresql') ? 'pgsql' : $params->type;
 		$dbType = ucfirst($dbType);
@@ -205,10 +206,10 @@ final class ConnectionManager {
 	 *
 	 * @codeCoverageIgnore
 	 * @param string $dbType
-	 * @param array|object $params
+	 * @param stdClass $params
 	 * @return string
 	 */
-	private function createDsn(string $dbType, $params): string
+	private function createDsn(string $dbType, stdClass $params): string
 	{
 		$pairs = [];
 

src/Drivers/AbstractDriver.php

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ use function dbFilter;
 use InvalidArgumentException;
 use PDO;
 use PDOStatement;
+use function is_string;
 
 /**
  * Base Database class
@@ -52,7 +53,7 @@ abstract class AbstractDriver
 	 * Reference to sql class
 	 * @var SQLInterface
 	 */
-	protected SQLInterface $sql;
+	protected SQLInterface $driverSQL;
 
 	/**
 	 * Reference to util class
@@ -110,7 +111,7 @@ abstract class AbstractDriver
 		$sqlClass = __NAMESPACE__ . "\\{$driver}\\SQL";
 		$utilClass = __NAMESPACE__ . "\\{$driver}\\Util";
 
-		$this->sql = new $sqlClass();
+		$this->driverSQL = new $sqlClass();
 		$this->util = new $utilClass($this);
 	}
 
@@ -168,7 +169,7 @@ abstract class AbstractDriver
 	 */
 	public function getSql(): SQLInterface
 	{
-		return $this->sql;
+		return $this->driverSQL;
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -494,7 +495,7 @@ abstract class AbstractDriver
 	public function driverQuery($query, $filteredIndex=TRUE): ?array
 	{
 		// Call the appropriate method, if it exists
-		if (is_string($query) && method_exists($this->sql, $query))
+		if (is_string($query) && method_exists($this->driverSQL, $query))
 		{
 			$query = $this->getSql()->$query();
 		}
@@ -687,7 +688,7 @@ abstract class AbstractDriver
 		// and is not already quoted before quoting
 		// that value, otherwise, return the original value
 		return (
-			\is_string($str)
+			is_string($str)
 			&& strpos($str, $this->escapeCharOpen) !== 0
 			&& strrpos($str, $this->escapeCharClose) !== 0
 		)

src/Drivers/AbstractSQL.php

@@ -25,10 +25,10 @@ abstract class AbstractSQL implements SQLInterface {
 	 *
 	 * @param string $sql
 	 * @param int $limit
-	 * @param int|bool $offset
+	 * @param int $offset
 	 * @return string
 	 */
-	public function limit(string $sql, int $limit, $offset=FALSE): string
+	public function limit(string $sql, int $limit, ?int $offset=NULL): string
 	{
 		$sql .= "\nLIMIT {$limit}";
 

src/Drivers/Mysql/Driver.php

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ namespace Query\Drivers\Mysql;
 
 use PDO;
 use Query\Drivers\AbstractDriver;
+use function defined;
 
 /**
  * MySQL specific class
@@ -49,7 +50,7 @@ class Driver extends AbstractDriver {
 	public function __construct(string $dsn, string $username=NULL, string $password=NULL, array $options=[])
 	{
 		// Set the charset to UTF-8
-		if (\defined('\\PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_INIT_COMMAND'))
+		if (defined('\\PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_INIT_COMMAND'))
 		{
 			$options = array_merge($options, [
 				PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_INIT_COMMAND => "SET NAMES UTF-8 COLLATE 'UTF-8'",

src/Drivers/Mysql/SQL.php

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ class SQL extends AbstractSQL {
 	 * @param int|boolean $offset
 	 * @return string
 	 */
-	public function limit(string $sql, int $limit, $offset=FALSE): string
+	public function limit(string $sql, int $limit, ?int $offset=NULL): string
 	{
 		if ( ! is_numeric($offset))
 		{
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ SQL;
 	}
 
 	/**
-	 * SQL to show infromation about columns in a table
+	 * SQL to show information about columns in a table
 	 *
 	 * @param string $table
 	 * @return string

src/Drivers/Mysql/Util.php

@@ -33,7 +33,8 @@ class Util extends AbstractUtil {
 		$string = [];
 
 		// Get databases
-		$dbs = $this->getDriver()->getDbs();
+		$driver = $this->getDriver();
+		$dbs = $driver->getDbs();
 
 		foreach($dbs as &$d)
 		{
@@ -46,11 +47,11 @@ class Util extends AbstractUtil {
 			// @codeCoverageIgnoreEnd
 
 			// Get the list of tables
-			$tables = $this->getDriver()->driverQuery("SHOW TABLES FROM `{$d}`", TRUE);
+			$tables = $driver->driverQuery("SHOW TABLES FROM `{$d}`", TRUE);
 
 			foreach($tables as $table)
 			{
-				$array = $this->getDriver()->driverQuery("SHOW CREATE TABLE `{$d}`.`{$table}`", FALSE);
+				$array = $driver->driverQuery("SHOW CREATE TABLE `{$d}`.`{$table}`", FALSE);
 				$row = current($array);
 
 				if ( ! isset($row['Create Table']))
@@ -72,9 +73,10 @@ class Util extends AbstractUtil {
 	 * @param array $exclude
 	 * @return string
 	 */
-	public function backupData($exclude=[]): string
+	public function backupData(array $exclude=[]): string
 	{
-		$tables = $this->getDriver()->getTables();
+		$driver = $this->getDriver();
+		$tables = $driver->getTables();
 
 		// Filter out the tables you don't want
 		if( ! empty($exclude))
@@ -88,7 +90,7 @@ class Util extends AbstractUtil {
 		foreach($tables as $t)
 		{
 			$sql = "SELECT * FROM `{$t}`";
-			$res = $this->getDriver()->query($sql);
+			$res = $driver->query($sql);
 			$rows = $res->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
 
 			// Skip empty tables
@@ -110,7 +112,7 @@ class Util extends AbstractUtil {
 				// Workaround for Quercus
 				foreach($row as &$r)
 				{
-					$r = $this->getDriver()->quote($r);
+					$r = $driver->quote($r);
 				}
 				unset($r);
 				$row = array_map('trim', $row);

src/Drivers/Pgsql/Util.php

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
  */
 namespace Query\Drivers\Pgsql;
 
+use PDO;
 use Query\Drivers\AbstractUtil;
 
 /**
@@ -56,7 +57,7 @@ class Util extends AbstractUtil {
 		{
 			$sql = 'SELECT * FROM "'.trim($t).'"';
 			$res = $this->getDriver()->query($sql);
-			$objRes = $res->fetchAll(\PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
+			$objRes = $res->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
 
 			// Don't add to the file if the table is empty
 			if (count($objRes) < 1)

src/Drivers/SQLInterface.php

@@ -25,10 +25,10 @@ interface SQLInterface {
 	 *
 	 * @param string $sql
 	 * @param int $limit
-	 * @param int|bool $offset
+	 * @param int|null $offset
 	 * @return string
 	 */
-	public function limit(string $sql, int $limit, $offset=FALSE): string;
+	public function limit(string $sql, int $limit, ?int $offset=NULL): string;
 
 	/**
 	 * Modify the query to get the query plan

src/Drivers/Sqlite/Driver.php

@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ class Driver extends AbstractDriver {
 	 */
 	public function getTables(): array
 	{
-		$sql = $this->sql->tableList();
+		$sql = $this->getSql()->tableList();
 		$res = $this->query($sql);
 		return dbFilter($res->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC), 'name');
 	}

src/Drivers/Sqlite/Util.php

@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ class Util extends AbstractUtil {
 
 			unset($res);
 
-			// If the row is empty, continue;
+			// If the row is empty, continue
 			if (empty($objRes))
 			{
 				continue;

src/MapType.php

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+<?php declare(strict_types=1);
+/**
+ * Query
+ *
+ * SQL Query Builder / Database Abstraction Layer
+ *
+ * PHP version 7.4
+ *
+ * @package     Query
+ * @author      Timothy J. Warren <tim@timshomepage.net>
+ * @copyright   2012 - 2020 Timothy J. Warren
+ * @license     http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html  MIT License
+ * @link        https://git.timshomepage.net/aviat/Query
+ * @version     3.0.0
+ */
+namespace Query;
+
+/**
+ * 'Enum' of query map types
+ */
+class MapType {
+	public const GROUP_END = 'group_end';
+	public const GROUP_START = 'group_start';
+	public const JOIN = 'join';
+	public const LIKE = 'like';
+	public const WHERE = 'where';
+	public const WHERE_IN = 'where_in';
+}

src/QueryBuilderBase.php

@@ -0,0 +1,618 @@
+<?php declare(strict_types=1);
+/**
+ * Query
+ *
+ * SQL Query Builder / Database Abstraction Layer
+ *
+ * PHP version 7.4
+ *
+ * @package     Query
+ * @author      Timothy J. Warren <tim@timshomepage.net>
+ * @copyright   2012 - 2020 Timothy J. Warren
+ * @license     http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html  MIT License
+ * @link        https://git.timshomepage.net/aviat/Query
+ * @version     3.0.0
+ */
+namespace Query;
+
+use function regexInArray;
+
+use BadMethodCallException;
+use PDO;
+use PDOStatement;
+use Query\Drivers\DriverInterface;
+
+/**
+ * @method affectedRows(): int
+ * @method beginTransaction(): bool
+ * @method commit(): bool
+ * @method errorCode(): string
+ * @method errorInfo(): array
+ * @method exec(string $statement): int
+ * @method getAttribute(int $attribute)
+ * @method getColumns(string $table): array | null
+ * @method getDbs(): array | null
+ * @method getFks(string $table): array | null
+ * @method getFunctions(): array | null
+ * @method getIndexes(string $table): array | null
+ * @method getLastQuery(): string
+ * @method getProcedures(): array | null
+ * @method getSchemas(): array | null
+ * @method getSequences(): array | null
+ * @method getSystemTables(): array | null
+ * @method getTables(): array
+ * @method getTriggers(): array | null
+ * @method getTypes(): array | null
+ * @method getUtil(): \Query\Drivers\AbstractUtil
+ * @method getVersion(): string
+ * @method getViews(): array | null
+ * @method inTransaction(): bool
+ * @method lastInsertId(string $name = NULL): string
+ * @method numRows(): int | null
+ * @method prepare(string $statement, array $driver_options = []): PDOStatement
+ * @method prepareExecute(string $sql, array $params): PDOStatement
+ * @method prepareQuery(string $sql, array $data): PDOStatement
+ * @method query(string $statement): PDOStatement
+ * @method quote(string $string, int $parameter_type = PDO::PARAM_STR): string
+ * @method rollback(): bool
+ * @method setAttribute(int $attribute, $value): bool
+ * @method setTablePrefix(string $prefix): void
+ * @method truncate(string $table): PDOStatement
+ */
+class QueryBuilderBase {
+
+	/**
+	 * Convenience property for connection management
+	 * @var string
+	 */
+	public string $connName = '';
+
+	/**
+	 * List of queries executed
+	 * @var array
+	 */
+	public array $queries = [
+		'total_time' => 0
+	];
+
+	/**
+	 * Whether to do only an explain on the query
+	 * @var bool
+	 */
+	protected bool $explain = FALSE;
+
+	/**
+	 * Whether to return data from a modification query
+	 * @var bool
+	 */
+	protected bool $returning = FALSE;
+
+	/**
+	 * The current database driver
+	 * @var DriverInterface
+	 */
+	protected ?DriverInterface $driver;
+
+	/**
+	 * Query parser class instance
+	 * @var QueryParser
+	 */
+	protected QueryParser $parser;
+
+	/**
+	 * Query Builder state
+	 * @var State
+	 */
+	protected State $state;
+
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	// ! Methods
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+	/**
+	 * Constructor
+	 *
+	 * @param DriverInterface $driver
+	 * @param QueryParser $parser
+	 */
+	public function __construct(DriverInterface $driver, QueryParser $parser)
+	{
+		// Inject driver and parser
+		$this->driver = $driver;
+		$this->parser = $parser;
+
+		// Create new State object
+		$this->state = new State();
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Destructor
+	 * @codeCoverageIgnore
+	 */
+	public function __destruct()
+	{
+		$this->driver = NULL;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Calls a function further down the inheritance chain.
+	 * 'Implements' methods on the driver object
+	 *
+	 * @param string $name
+	 * @param array $params
+	 * @return mixed
+	 * @throws BadMethodCallException
+	 */
+	public function __call(string $name, array $params)
+	{
+		if (method_exists($this->driver, $name))
+		{
+			return $this->driver->$name(...$params);
+		}
+
+		throw new BadMethodCallException('Method does not exist');
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Clear out the class variables, so the next query can be run
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function resetQuery(): void
+	{
+		$this->state = new State();
+		$this->explain = FALSE;
+		$this->returning = FALSE;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Method to simplify select_ methods
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field
+	 * @param string|bool $as
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	protected function _select(string $field, $as = FALSE): string
+	{
+		// Escape the identifiers
+		$field = $this->driver->quoteIdent($field);
+
+		if ( ! \is_string($as))
+		{
+			// @codeCoverageIgnoreStart
+			return $field;
+			// @codeCoverageIgnoreEnd
+		}
+
+		$as = $this->driver->quoteIdent($as);
+		return "({$field}) AS {$as} ";
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Helper function for returning sql strings
+	 *
+	 * @param string $type
+	 * @param string $table
+	 * @param bool $reset
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	protected function _getCompile(string $type, string $table, bool $reset): string
+	{
+		$sql = $this->_compile($type, $table);
+
+		// Reset the query builder for the next query
+		if ($reset)
+		{
+			$this->resetQuery();
+		}
+
+		return $sql;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Simplify 'like' methods
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field
+	 * @param mixed $val
+	 * @param string $pos
+	 * @param string $like
+	 * @param string $conj
+	 * @return self
+	 */
+	protected function _like(string $field, $val, string $pos, string $like = 'LIKE', string $conj = 'AND'): self
+	{
+		$field = $this->driver->quoteIdent($field);
+
+		// Add the like string into the order map
+		$like = $field . " {$like} ?";
+
+		if ($pos === 'before')
+		{
+			$val = "%{$val}";
+		} elseif ($pos === 'after')
+		{
+			$val = "{$val}%";
+		} else
+		{
+			$val = "%{$val}%";
+		}
+
+		$conj = empty($this->state->getQueryMap()) ? ' WHERE ' : " {$conj} ";
+		$this->state->appendMap($conj, $like, MapType::LIKE);
+
+		// Add to the values array
+		$this->state->appendWhereValues($val);
+
+		return $this;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Simplify building having clauses
+	 *
+	 * @param mixed $key
+	 * @param mixed $values
+	 * @param string $conj
+	 * @return self
+	 */
+	protected function _having($key, $values = [], string $conj = 'AND'): self
+	{
+		$where = $this->_where($key, $values);
+
+		// Create key/value placeholders
+		foreach ($where as $f => $val)
+		{
+			// Split each key by spaces, in case there
+			// is an operator such as >, <, !=, etc.
+			$fArray = explode(' ', trim($f));
+
+			$item = $this->driver->quoteIdent($fArray[0]);
+
+			// Simple key value, or an operator
+			$item .= (count($fArray) === 1) ? '=?' : " {$fArray[1]} ?";
+
+			// Put in the having map
+			$this->state->appendHavingMap([
+				'conjunction' => empty($this->state->getHavingMap())
+					? ' HAVING '
+					: " {$conj} ",
+				'string' => $item
+			]);
+		}
+
+		return $this;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Do all the redundant stuff for where/having type methods
+	 *
+	 * @param mixed $key
+	 * @param mixed $val
+	 * @return array
+	 */
+	protected function _where($key, $val = []): array
+	{
+		$where = [];
+		$pairs = [];
+
+		if (is_scalar($key))
+		{
+			$pairs[$key] = $val;
+		} else
+		{
+			$pairs = $key;
+		}
+
+		foreach ($pairs as $k => $v)
+		{
+			$where[$k] = $v;
+			$this->state->appendWhereValues($v);
+		}
+
+		return $where;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Simplify generating where string
+	 *
+	 * @param mixed $key
+	 * @param mixed $values
+	 * @param string $defaultConj
+	 * @return self
+	 */
+	protected function _whereString($key, $values = [], string $defaultConj = 'AND'): self
+	{
+		// Create key/value placeholders
+		foreach ($this->_where($key, $values) as $f => $val)
+		{
+			$queryMap = $this->state->getQueryMap();
+
+			// Split each key by spaces, in case there
+			// is an operator such as >, <, !=, etc.
+			$fArray = explode(' ', trim($f));
+
+			$item = $this->driver->quoteIdent($fArray[0]);
+
+			// Simple key value, or an operator
+			$item .= (count($fArray) === 1) ? '=?' : " {$fArray[1]} ?";
+			$lastItem = end($queryMap);
+
+			// Determine the correct conjunction
+			$conjunctionList = array_column($queryMap, 'conjunction');
+			if (empty($queryMap) || ( ! regexInArray($conjunctionList, "/^ ?\n?WHERE/i")))
+			{
+				$conj = "\nWHERE ";
+			} elseif ($lastItem['type'] === 'group_start')
+			{
+				$conj = '';
+			} else
+			{
+				$conj = " {$defaultConj} ";
+			}
+
+			$this->state->appendMap($conj, $item, MapType::WHERE);
+		}
+
+		return $this;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Simplify where_in methods
+	 *
+	 * @param mixed $key
+	 * @param mixed $val
+	 * @param string $in - The (not) in fragment
+	 * @param string $conj - The where in conjunction
+	 * @return self
+	 */
+	protected function _whereIn($key, $val = [], string $in = 'IN', string $conj = 'AND'): self
+	{
+		$key = $this->driver->quoteIdent($key);
+		$params = array_fill(0, count($val), '?');
+		$this->state->appendWhereValues($val);
+
+		$conjunction = empty($this->state->getQueryMap()) ? ' WHERE ' : " {$conj} ";
+		$str = $key . " {$in} (" . implode(',', $params) . ') ';
+
+		$this->state->appendMap($conjunction, $str, MapType::WHERE_IN);
+
+		return $this;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Executes the compiled query
+	 *
+	 * @param string $type
+	 * @param string $table
+	 * @param string $sql
+	 * @param array|null $vals
+	 * @param boolean $reset
+	 * @return PDOStatement
+	 */
+	protected function _run(string $type, string $table, string $sql = NULL, array $vals = NULL, bool $reset = TRUE): PDOStatement
+	{
+		if ($sql === NULL)
+		{
+			$sql = $this->_compile($type, $table);
+		}
+
+		if ($vals === NULL)
+		{
+			$vals = array_merge($this->state->getValues(), $this->state->getWhereValues());
+		}
+
+		$startTime = microtime(TRUE);
+
+		$res = empty($vals)
+			? $this->driver->query($sql)
+			: $this->driver->prepareExecute($sql, $vals);
+
+		$endTime = microtime(TRUE);
+		$totalTime = number_format($endTime - $startTime, 5);
+
+		// Add this query to the list of executed queries
+		$this->_appendQuery($vals, $sql, (int)$totalTime);
+
+		// Reset class state for next query
+		if ($reset)
+		{
+			$this->resetQuery();
+		}
+
+		return $res;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Convert the prepared statement into readable sql
+	 *
+	 * @param array $values
+	 * @param string $sql
+	 * @param int $totalTime
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	protected function _appendQuery(array $values, string $sql, int $totalTime): void
+	{
+		$evals = is_array($values) ? $values : [];
+		$esql = str_replace('?', '%s', $sql);
+
+		// Quote string values
+		foreach ($evals as &$v)
+		{
+			$v = ( ! is_numeric($v))
+				? htmlentities($this->driver->quote($v), ENT_NOQUOTES, 'utf-8')
+				: $v;
+		}
+		unset($v);
+
+		// Add the query onto the array of values to pass
+		// as arguments to sprintf
+		array_unshift($evals, $esql);
+
+		// Add the interpreted query to the list of executed queries
+		$this->queries[] = [
+			'time' => $totalTime,
+			'sql' => sprintf(...$evals)
+		];
+
+		$this->queries['total_time'] += $totalTime;
+
+		// Set the last query to get rowcounts properly
+		$this->driver->setLastQuery($sql);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Sub-method for generating sql strings
+	 *
+	 * @codeCoverageIgnore
+	 * @param string $type
+	 * @param string $table
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	protected function _compileType(string $type = QueryType::SELECT, string $table = ''): string
+	{
+		$setArrayKeys = $this->state->getSetArrayKeys();
+		switch ($type)
+		{
+			case QueryType::INSERT:
+				$paramCount = count($setArrayKeys);
+				$params = array_fill(0, $paramCount, '?');
+				$sql = "INSERT INTO {$table} ("
+					. implode(',', $setArrayKeys)
+					. ")\nVALUES (" . implode(',', $params) . ')';
+				break;
+
+			case QueryType::UPDATE:
+				$setString = $this->state->getSetString();
+				$sql = "UPDATE {$table}\nSET {$setString}";
+				break;
+
+			case QueryType::DELETE:
+				$sql = "DELETE FROM {$table}";
+				break;
+
+			case QueryType::SELECT:
+			default:
+				$fromString = $this->state->getFromString();
+				$selectString = $this->state->getSelectString();
+
+				$sql = "SELECT * \nFROM {$fromString}";
+
+				// Set the select string
+				if ( ! empty($selectString))
+				{
+					// Replace the star with the selected fields
+					$sql = str_replace('*', $selectString, $sql);
+				}
+				break;
+		}
+
+		return $sql;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * String together the sql statements for sending to the db
+	 *
+	 * @param string $type
+	 * @param string $table
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	protected function _compile(string $type = '', string $table = ''): string
+	{
+		// Get the base clause for the query
+		$sql = $this->_compileType($type, $this->driver->quoteTable($table));
+
+		$clauses = [
+			'queryMap',
+			'groupString',
+			'orderString',
+			'havingMap',
+		];
+
+		// Set each type of subclause
+		foreach ($clauses as $clause)
+		{
+			$func = 'get' . ucFirst($clause);
+			$param = $this->state->$func();
+			if (is_array($param))
+			{
+				foreach ($param as $q)
+				{
+					$sql .= $q['conjunction'] . $q['string'];
+				}
+			} else
+			{
+				$sql .= $param;
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Set the limit via the class variables
+		$limit = $this->state->getLimit();
+		if (is_numeric($limit))
+		{
+			$sql = $this->driver->getSql()->limit($sql, $limit, $this->state->getOffset());
+		}
+
+		// Set the returning clause, if applicable
+		$sql = $this->_compileReturning($sql, $type);
+
+		// See if the query plan, rather than the
+		// query data should be returned
+		if ($this->explain === TRUE)
+		{
+			$sql = $this->driver->getSql()->explain($sql);
+		}
+
+		return $sql;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Generate returning clause of query
+	 *
+	 * @param string $sql
+	 * @param string $type
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	protected function _compileReturning(string $sql, string $type): string
+	{
+		if ($this->returning === FALSE)
+		{
+			return $sql;
+		}
+
+		$rawSelect = $this->state->getSelectString();
+		$selectString = ($rawSelect === '') ? '*' : $rawSelect;
+		$returningSQL = $this->driver->returning($sql, $selectString);
+
+		if ($returningSQL === $sql)
+		{
+			// If the driver doesn't support the returning clause, it returns the original query.
+			// Fake the same result with a transaction and a select query
+			if ( ! $this->inTransaction())
+			{
+				$this->beginTransaction();
+			}
+
+			// Generate the appropriate select query for the returning clause fallback
+			switch ($type)
+			{
+				case QueryType::INSERT:
+					// @TODO figure out a good response for insert query
+					break;
+
+				case QueryType::UPDATE:
+					// @TODO figure out a good response for update query
+					break;
+
+				case QueryType::INSERT_BATCH:
+				case QueryType::UPDATE_BATCH:
+					// @TODO figure out a good response for batch queries
+					break;
+
+				default:
+					// On Delete queries, what would we return?
+					break;
+			}
+		}
+
+		return $returningSQL;
+	}
+}

src/QueryBuilderInterface.php

@@ -107,14 +107,6 @@ interface QueryBuilderInterface {
 	 */
 	public function selectSum(string $field, $as=FALSE): self;
 
-	/**
-	 * Add a 'returning' clause to an insert,update, or delete query
-	 *
-	 * @param string $fields
-	 * @return self
-	 */
-	public function returning(string $fields = '*'): self;
-
 	/**
 	 * Adds the 'distinct' keyword to a query
 	 *
@@ -308,10 +300,10 @@ interface QueryBuilderInterface {
 	 * Set a limit on the current sql statement
 	 *
 	 * @param int $limit
-	 * @param int|bool $offset
+	 * @param int|null $offset
 	 * @return self
 	 */
-	public function limit(int $limit, $offset=FALSE): self;
+	public function limit(int $limit, ?int $offset=NULL): self;
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
 	// ! Query Grouping Methods
@@ -364,22 +356,22 @@ interface QueryBuilderInterface {
 	 * execute current compiled query
 	 *
 	 * @param string $table
-	 * @param int|bool $limit
-	 * @param int|bool $offset
+	 * @param int|null $limit
+	 * @param int|null $offset
 	 * @return PDOStatement
 	 */
-	public function get(string $table='', $limit=FALSE, $offset=FALSE): PDOStatement;
+	public function get(string $table='', ?int $limit=NULL, ?int $offset=NULL): PDOStatement;
 
 	/**
 	 * Convenience method for get() with a where clause
 	 *
 	 * @param string $table
 	 * @param array $where
-	 * @param int|bool $limit
-	 * @param int|bool $offset
+	 * @param int|null $limit
+	 * @param int|null $offset
 	 * @return PDOStatement
 	 */
-	public function getWhere(string $table, $where=[], $limit=FALSE, $offset=FALSE): PDOStatement;
+	public function getWhere(string $table, $where=[], ?int $limit=NULL, ?int $offset=NULL): PDOStatement;
 
 	/**
 	 * Retrieve the number of rows in the selected table
@@ -413,9 +405,9 @@ interface QueryBuilderInterface {
 	 *
 	 * @param string $table
 	 * @param array $data
-	 * @return PDOStatement
+	 * @return PDOStatement | null
 	 */
-	public function insertBatch(string $table, $data=[]): PDOStatement;
+	public function insertBatch(string $table, $data=[]): ?PDOStatement;
 
 	/**
 	 * Creates an update clause, and executes it

src/QueryType.php

@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ namespace Query;
 class QueryType {
 	public const SELECT = 'select';
 	public const INSERT = 'insert';
+	public const INSERT_BATCH = 'insert_batch';
 	public const UPDATE = 'update';
+	public const UPDATE_BATCH = 'update_batch';
 	public const DELETE = 'delete';
 }

src/State.php

@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@
  */
 namespace Query;
 
+use function is_array;
+
 /**
  * Query builder state
  *
@@ -28,14 +30,20 @@ namespace Query;
  * @method getGroupArray(): array
  * @method getValues(): array
  * @method getWhereValues(): array
- * @method getLimit(): int
+ * @method getLimit(): int|null
  * @method getOffset()
  * @method getQueryMap(): array
  * @method getHavingMap(): array
  *
- * @method setSelectString(string): self
- * @method setFromString(string): self
- * @method setSetString(string): self
+ * @method setSelectString(string $selectString): self
+ * @method setFromString(string $fromString): self
+ * @method setSetString(string $setString): self
+ * @method setOrderString(string $orderString): self
+ * @method setGroupString(string $groupString): self
+ * @method setSetArrayKeys(array $arrayKeys): self
+ * @method setGroupArray(array $array): self
+ * @method setLimit(int $limit): self
+ * @method setOffset(?int $offset): self
  */
 class State {
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -112,15 +120,15 @@ class State {
 
 	/**
 	 * Value for limit string
-	 * @var integer
+	 * @var int
 	 */
-	protected int $limit;
+	protected ?int $limit = NULL;
 
 	/**
 	 * Value for offset in limit string
-	 * @var string|false
+	 * @var int
 	 */
-	protected $offset = FALSE;
+	protected ?int $offset = NULL;
 
 	/**
 	 * Query component order mapping
@@ -177,26 +185,6 @@ class State {
 		return $this;
 	}
 
-	/**
-	 * @param string $orderString
-	 * @return State
-	 */
-	public function setOrderString(string $orderString): self
-	{
-		$this->orderString = $orderString;
-		return $this;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @param string $groupString
-	 * @return State
-	 */
-	public function setGroupString(string $groupString): self
-	{
-		$this->groupString = $groupString;
-		return $this;
-	}
-
 	/**
 	 * @param array $setArrayKeys
 	 * @return State
@@ -207,16 +195,6 @@ class State {
 		return $this;
 	}
 
-	/**
-	 * @param array $setArrayKeys
-	 * @return State
-	 */
-	public function setSetArrayKeys(array $setArrayKeys): self
-	{
-		$this->setArrayKeys = $setArrayKeys;
-		return $this;
-	}
-
 	/**
 	 * @param string $key
 	 * @param mixed $orderArray
@@ -228,16 +206,6 @@ class State {
 		return $this;
 	}
 
-	/**
-	 * @param array $groupArray
-	 * @return State
-	 */
-	public function setGroupArray(array $groupArray): self
-	{
-		$this->groupArray = $groupArray;
-		return $this;
-	}
-
 	/**
 	 * @param string $groupArray
 	 * @return State
@@ -264,7 +232,7 @@ class State {
 	 */
 	public function appendWhereValues($val): self
 	{
-		if (\is_array($val))
+		if (is_array($val))
 		{
 			foreach($val as $v)
 			{
@@ -278,26 +246,6 @@ class State {
 		return $this;
 	}
 
-	/**
-	 * @param int $limit
-	 * @return State
-	 */
-	public function setLimit(int $limit): self
-	{
-		$this->limit = $limit;
-		return $this;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @param string|false $offset
-	 * @return State
-	 */
-	public function setOffset($offset): self
-	{
-		$this->offset = $offset;
-		return $this;
-	}
-
 	/**
 	 * Add an additional set of mapping pairs to a internal map
 	 *

src/common.php

@@ -15,10 +15,8 @@
  */
 namespace {
 
-	use Query\{
-		ConnectionManager,
-		QueryBuilderInterface
-	};
+	use Query\ConnectionManager;
+	use Query\QueryBuilderInterface;
 
 	/**
 	 * Global functions that don't really fit anywhere else
@@ -139,6 +137,5 @@ namespace {
 		// Otherwise, return a new connection
 		return $manager->connect($paramsObject);
 	}
-
 }
 // End of common.php